Supramolecular chemistry/engineering

Keywords Halogen bonding Supramolecular chemistry Crystal engineering Tecton Topology... 

Since 1982 there have been enormous developments in metal-based chemistry, particularly the emergence of supramolecular chemistry - chemistry beyond the molecule, molecular architecture, and molecular engineering. Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry was published in 1996, a survey which contains much of interest to coordination chemists. Consequently in this volume review material relating to supramolecular systems is mainly restricted to developments since 1990. 

Kahn O, Garcia Y, Letard JF, Mathoniere C (1999) Hysteresis and memory effect in supramolecular chemistry. In Veciana J (ed) Supramolecular engineering of synthetic metallic materials. Kluwer Academic, The Netherlands, p 127... 

Solid-State Supramolecular Chemistry Crystal Engineering , Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol. 6 (Eds. J. L. Atwood, J. E. D. Davies, D. D. MacNicol, F. Vogtle, K. S. Suslick), Pergamon, Oxford, 1996. 

Therapeutic gold complexes, 12 700-701 Therapeutic index, 18 252 Therapeutic pet foods, 10 849 Therapeutic products, from genetically engineered microbes, 12 480 Therapeutic proteins, 3 816 Therapeutics, supramolecular chemistry in, 24 56-57... 

The development of chemistry in the last 20 years has revealed a significant shift of interest on the part of theoreticians and experimentalists [1,2]. Earlier, chemists attention was concentrated on atoms and atom-atom bonds. This strategy has been very successful in the creation of new molecules with unusual structures and with new chemical and physical properties. However, two decades ago, the primary objects of chemical studies become intermolecular interactions leading to complex molecular assemblies that exhibit unusual and often unique macro properties. This situation has dominated in all areas of modem chemical science from physical, organic, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry to material science and biochemistry, and has resulted in the formulation of new chemical disciplines supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering. 

If the utilization of weak noncovalent interactions leading to molecular aggregations is a general principle in supramolecular chemistry, and periodicity is a general prerequisite in the crystalline state, then periodically distributed noncovalent interactions constitute the basis of molecular crystal engineering [1]. In other words, molecular crystal engineering can be considered as supramolecular solid-state chemistry, again based on weak noncovalent interactions. 

Finally, mastering secondary noncovalent interactions is important not only for supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, but controlling these forces is fundamental in the context of an understanding of complex biological processes, particularly the principles and mechanisms of molecular recognition [1-3],... 

It is obvious that these molecular systems can be prepared specially or can form spontaneously as self-assemblies when hydrogen or dihydrogen bonds dictate the processes of molecular aggregation. The latter is particularly importaut in supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering, where the primary attention is focused on mastering weak intermolecular interactions [1]. 

PERSPECTIVES ON DIHYDROGEN BONDING IN SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND CRYSTAL ENGINEERING... 

MacNicol DD, Toda F,Bishop R (eds) (1996) Comprehensive supramolecular chemistry, vol 6. Solid-state supramolecular chemistry crystal engineering. Pergamon, Oxford... 

Due to their unique electronic and chemical properties fullerenes have a tremendous potential as building blocks for molecular engineering, new molecular materials and supramolecular chemistry [54, 133], Many examples of fullerene derivatives (Section 14.1), which are promising candidates for nanotechnological or medical applications, have been synthesized already and even more exciting developments are expected. A detailed description of the potential of fullerene derivatives for technological applications would require an extra monograph. Since this book focuses on the chemical properties and the synthetic potential of fullerenes only a few concepts for fullerene based materials will be briefly presented. 

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