Suppressor schematic

D) Three Stage Divergent Fig 1 Sound Suppressors (Schematics)... 

A detailed description of IC is given in reference 1 however, the basic principles of the method can best be described by an example. Figure 1 schematically represents both an anion and a cation IC analysis. In both cases, the instrumentation involves a pumping system, an eluent, an injection valve, an ion-exchange separator column, an ion-exchange suppressor column and a conductivity cell. The sample is first injected into the flow system then the well known reaction equilibrium shown in Figure 1 results in the separation of sample anions or cations on the separator column (2). 

Fig. 24 Schematic of the self-regenerating suppressor in a recycle mode. (Courtesy of Dionex.)...

Shown in Fig. 2.8 is a schematic diagram of the Dionex ion exchange liquid chromatograph used by Smee et al. [40], The instrumentation consists essentially of a low capacity anion exchange column, the separator , a high capacity cation exchange column, the suppressor and the detection system, a high sensitivity conductivity meter and recorder. 

Fig. 3-37. Schematic of a hollow fiber suppressor for anion exchange chromatography.

The discovery of this family of E3 enzymes started from the studies on the targeted degradation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Ubiquitinylation and degradation of p53 can be mediated by the papilloma virus E6 oncoprotein (see below) in collaboration with a further protein, E6-AP (E6 associated protein). E6-AP was the first member of a large family of E3 enzymes, the Hect (homologous to E6-AP C-ter-minus ) domain family. These proteins form a ubiquitin-E3 intermediate and then transfer the ubiquitin to lysine side chains of the substrate protein. They contain an essential active site Cys residue near the C-terminus and one or several WW domains (see Chapter 8.2.6). Fig. 2.11 illustrates schematically the function of Hect -type E3 ligases on the example of the p53 ubiqutiniylation. 

Figure 4.1 Schematic of an ion chromatograph instrument. The classic modular building design of liquid chromatography is seen here again, yet with the difference that the separation is generally performed isocraticaUy. The configuration shows a suppressor device installed after the column and in series with a conductivity detector. The suppressor serves to eliminate the ions arising from the eluent to improve sensitivity.

Figure 3.25 Schematic diagram of a membrane suppressor for use in anion-exchange chromatography (ions replace the Na ions yielding water as the background electrolyte which has low conductivity).

Figure 3,25 Schematic diagram of a membrane suppressor for use in anion-exchange...

Figure 5.20. Schematic representation of the operation of a membrane suppressor for suppressed conductivity detection of anions and cations. (From ref. [168] Elsevier).

Figure 4.62 Schematic of the micro-membrane suppressor used in iC.

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the possible reactions of the immune system to drugs. A drug is probably presented as antigen most efficiently after binding to macrophage membranes and interacting with T-helper lymphocytes, which may either generate effector-sensitized T-lymphocytes or cooperate with B-l3miphocytes in the production of antidrug antibodies. This scheme of T/B cooperation is extremely oversimplified, since the various circuits of T-helper and suppressor cells are not represented (Germain et al. 1981)...

Fig. 62 is a schematic representation of the structure of an ion chromatograph using the suppressor technique ... 

In 1984, advances in electronics made it possible to develop a highly sensitive thermostated conductivity detector for the single-column technique, and finally help the suppressorless IC technique to come to fruition. Fig. 63 is a schematic representation of the structure of an ion chromatograph without suppressor. 

In the case of ion chromatography without a suppressor the resolving property of the column can be adapted to the particular analysis in question by a simple change of eluent. Fig. 69 shows a schematic representation of the possibilities for anion separation offered by a single-column system of this type. 

Figure 3.108 is a schematic illustration of the sandwich structure of a micromembrane suppressor. It consists of a flat, two-part enclosure in which strongly sulfonated ion-exchange screens and thin ion-exchange membranes are... 

In summer 1992, the first commercial electrochemical suppressor system was introduced by Dionex the self-regenerating suppressor [107,108]. Its schematic differs from a micromembrane suppressor (see Figure 3.108) only in the two... 

The schematics and operation of the CMMS 300 micromembrane suppressor suitable for cation-exchange chromatography corresponds precisely to the AMMS 300 suppressor described in Section 3.6.3, which was developed for anion-exchange chromatography. The high capacity of this micromembrane... 

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