Supported capillary membrane sample

Thordarson E, Palmarsdottir S, Mathiasson L, and Jdnsson jA. Sample preparation using a miniaturized supported liquid membrane device connected on-line to packed capillary liquid chromatography. Anal. Chem. 1996 68 2559-2563. 

Palmarsdottir S, Lindegard B, Deininger P, Edholm L-E, Mathiasson L, and Jonsson JA. Supported liquid membrane technique for selective sample work-up of basic drugs in plasma prior to capillary zone electrophoresis. J. Capill. Electrophor. 1995 2 185-189. 

Palmarsdottir S, Mathiasson L, Jonsson JA, and Edholm L-E. Determination of a basic drug, bambuterol, in human plasma by capillary electrophoresis using double stacking for large volume injection and supported liquid membranes for sample pretreatment. J. Chromatogr. B 1997 688 127-134. 

Shen Y, Mathiasson L, and Jonsson jA. Automated capillary GC determination of local anaesthetics in plasma samples with supported liquid membranes for sample preparation. J. Microcol. Sep. 1998 10 107-113. 

Almeda S, Nozal L, Arce L, Valcarcel M. Direct determination of chlorophenols present in liquid samples by using a supported liquid membrane coupled in-line with capillary electrophoresis equipment. A a/C/j/m Acta 2007 587 97-103. 

Figure 10 Enrichment and separation setup for SLM extraction. A - peristaitic pump, B - membrane device with hoiiow fiber instaiied into fused siiica capiiiary, C - iniet on the donor side, D - washing iine used after enrichment, E - microinjection pump to transport the acceptor into ioop F, G - Cis packed capillary column, H - detector window, I - splitter unit, J - high pressure pump. (Adapted from Thordarson E, Palmarsdottir S, Mathiasson L, and Jonsson JA (1996) Sample preparation using a miniaturized supported liquid membrane device connected on-line to packed capillary liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry 68 2559-2563.)...

The principles and apphcations of SLM separation processes have been reviewed several times [4-7]. Briefly, in an SLM system an organic solvent is immobihzed in the pores of a porous polymer or inorganic support material by capillary forces, separating two aqueous solutions the feed (donor) and the strip (receiving, acceptor) phase (Fig. 3.1). The compounds are separated from the aqueous sample feed phase into an organic solvent immobilized in a support diffusing through the membrane phase, and then they are continuously back extracted to the other side of the membrane into the... 

SPME was developed by Pawlisz)m and coworkers in 1987 [161-163]. The reader may find further information on the historical evolution, principles, and commercially available devices of SPME in an excellent review by the pioneer of the technique [164]. SPME is based on a partitioning equilibrium of the solutes between the sorbent phase and the aqueous and/or gas matrix. A small amount of sorbent phase is dispersed on a solid support, which will be exposed to the sample for a predetermined time. Different implementations were developed such as suspended particles, coated-stirrer, vessel walls, disks, stirrers, or membranes, although the fiber and in-tube are explored theoretically and experimentally in depth. The former consists of a thin, fused-silica fiber-coated with sorbent on its surface and mounted in a modified GC syringe, which protects the fiber and allows handling. The latter in-tube implementation consists of an internally coated tube or capillary. The analytes are extracted by sorption when either coated fiber or tube are immersed in the water sample (direct SPME) or in the headspace above the sample (HS-SPME). 

---