Superoxide dismutase , aging

Carrillo, M.C., Kanai, S., Sato, Y., Nokubo, M., Ivy, G.O. and Kitani, K. (1993). The optimal dosage of (-) deprenyl for increasing superoxide dismutase activities in several brain regions decreases with age in male Fischer 344 rats. Life Sci. 52, 1925-1934. 

Collier et al. (1990) extended their studies relating to oxidative stress and diabetes by demonstrating that the levels of several free-radical scavengers (red cell superoxide dismutase, plasma thiols) were significantly reduced in 22 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age 53 years) in comparison with 15 control subjects (mean age 51 years). No significant diflFerences in red cell lysate thiols or... 

Wang, J., Xu, G. and Borchelt, D. R. High molecular weight complexes of mutant superoxide dismutase 1 age- dependent and tissue-specific accumulation. Neurobiol. Dis 9 139-148, 2002. 

McCord, J.M. (2002) Superoxide dismutase in aging and disease an overview. Meth. Enzymol. 349, 331-341. 

Benefits Japanese studies in the 1980s showed that the polyphenol components had antioxidant properties similar to superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that is a free radical scavenger and is thought to slow down the ageing process. The herb has less tannin than oriental tea, so tastes less bitter, and it is caffeine free. 

The finding, originally discovered by Hannan (M), that antioxidants extend the mean life span of small mammals is impressive evidence for radical involvement in some of the processes that contribute to aging. The correlations of enzyme levels that protect against radical damage (such as superoxide dismutase) and the lifespan of species also is evidence for the involvement of radicals in the aging process (4Q). 

Some authors claim that liposaccharides can depress the content of TNF-a and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, thus—via mediators—they can affect the immune system (Can et al. 2003). It has been demonstrated that the NF-p transcription factor, (highly sensitive to the redox potential in its environment), which regulates synthesis of many mediators—cytokines, associated with inflammatory condition and the phenomenon of adhesion of cells— becomes deregulated in old age. Defense functions in such cases (and primarily in arthritis and arthritis-related conditions) are said to be performed by antioxidants (including a-lipoic acid), which can modulate the activity of monocytes and inhibit changes caused by deregulating of the transcription factor NF-kB under the influence of redox conditions in elderly people (Lee and Hughes 2002). 

It is also of importance to note that the major histocompatability complex is genetically linked with the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase (W9). Thus, it appears that there exists a relationship between the free radical and immune aging theories. As noted below, immunity is also influenced by the endocrine system. 

C2. Ceballos-Picot, I., Trivier, J.-M., Nicole, A., Sinet, P.-M., and Thevenin, M., Age-correlated modifications of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and glutathione-related enzyme activities in human erythrocytes. Clin. Chem. 38 66-70 (1992). 

Jolitha AB, Subramanyam MV, Asha Devi S (2006) Modification by vitamin E and exercise of oxidative stress in regions of aging rat brain studies on superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and protein oxidation status. Exp Gerontol 41(8) 753-763 Kruse M, Navarro D, Desjardins P, Butterworth RF (2004) Increased brain endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in thiamine deficiency relationship to selective vulnerability. Neurochem Int45(l) 49-56... 

Coleman PD, Flood DG (1987) Neuron numbers and dendritic extent in normal aging and Alzheimer s disease. Neurobiol Aging 8 521-545 Curtain CC, Ali F, Volitakis I, Cherny RA, Norton RS, Beyreuther K, Barrow CJ, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ (2001) Alzheimer s disease amyloid-beta binds copper tmd zinc to generate an allosterically ordered membrane-penetrating structure conteiining superoxide dismutase-Uke subunits. J Biol Chem 276 20466-20473... 

The efficiency of the simple Na+ salts to inhibit the reactivity of 02 is very spectacular, and it matches the reactivity of superoxide dismutase enzymes in biological systems [173]. It is thus a unique property of the electron-reservoir complexes which lets us investigate the electron-transfer to O2 in various media. The follow-up reactions of superoxide radical anion are reminiscent of its damage for cells in the aging processes which is well-known but little understood [173]. 

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