Superfund program

Motwani JN, Popp SA, Johnson GM, et al. 1986. Field screening techniques developed under the superfund program. The 7 national conference on management of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. December 1-3, 1986, Washington, DC, 105-109. 

Congress amended CERCLA in 1986 with the enactment of the SARA. These amendments improved the Superfund program and added an important section that focused on strengthening the rights of citizens and communities in the face of potential hazardous substance emergencies. This section, SARA Title III, or the EPCRA, was enacted in response to the more than 2000 deaths caused by the release of a toxic chemical in Bhopal, India. 

D. Hank Ellison served in the United States Army as a chemical officer and has worked for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as both a remedial project manager and federal on-scene coordinator under the Superfund Program. He currently is president of Cerberus Associates, Inc., a consulting firm that specializes in response to technological disasters. 

Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) and the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) provide the basic legal framework for the federal "Superfund" program to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites. 

The goal of the Superfund program is to clean up uncontrolled hazardous waste sites that pose unacceptable risks to human health and environment in a manner that restores these sites to uses appropriate for nearby communities. As already mentioned, the program was authorized under the CERCLA of 1980 (US-EPA 2007c). 

EPA. 1986. Superfund programs. Reportable quantity adjustments Final rule. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register 40 CFR Parts 117 and 302. 

Regardless of what institutions govern human exposure to chemicals, residual exposure will exist. Risk-averse individuals will want to share that risk through insurance. Chapter 5 explains the operation of insurance markets, particularly environmental insurance markets. The federal "Superfund" program and certain court decisions have made insurers reluctant to write environmental insurance contracts. Until Congress and the courts stop confiscating wealth through arbitrary statutes and common-law decisions, the environmental liability insurance market will not work well. 

In 1984, the total worldwide production of PCP was 35 400 to 40 000 tons, 80% of which was used for wood preservation (Korte, 1987). CPs are widely distributed in the environment and many contaminated sites have been selected for cleanup in Europe and are on theNational Priorities List of the Superfund Program in theUS. (U.S.EPA, 1993). Some CPs are listed as priority pollutants by the U.S. EPA (Keith Telliard, 1979). 

In 1987, hazardous heavy metal wastes were produced in California at an annual rate of 140,000 ton/yr.1 Through April, 1989 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had identified over 900 acutely dangerous hazardous waste disposal sites that required immediate cleanup through the Superfund program, and another 27,000 sites that may potentially qualify.2 Ultimately, the U.S. General Accounting Office believes that up to 425,000 waste sites will require cleanup in the next 50... 

National priorities list (NPL) A list of US sites contaminated with hazardous wastes that is maintained by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The sites are eligible for long-term remediation under the US EPA Superfund program. 

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Law, also known as Superfund, passed in 1980 and amended by the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 and later amendments, that governs federal response and compensation for unpermitted and uncontrolled releases, including threats of release, of hazardous substances to the environment. An unpermitted release is any release that is not properly regulated under other laws. An important focus of CERCLA/SARA is remediation of old, unpermitted waste disposal sites that are closed or inactive. Basic objectives of the Superfund program are to protect human health and the environment in a cost-effective manner, maintain this protection over time, and minimize the amounts of untreated waste in the environment. 

USEPA. 1995. Superfund Program Representative Sampling Guidance, Vol. 5 Water and Sediment. Available at http //www.epa.gov/tio/download/char/sf rep samp guid water.pdf. 

USEPA (2005e) Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children, Windows version (lEUBKwin v1.0 build 263) (December 2005) 32-bit version. Washington, DC, United States Environmental Protection Agency (http //www.epa.gov/ superfund/programs/lead/products.htm software). 

US EPA s RCRA/Superfund/UST Hotline to answer questions regarding guidance for the Superfund Program 1-800-424-9346. 

The work was performed in part at the California Department of Health Services Hazardous Materials Laboratory. This study was supported in part by the Superfund Program Project No. 04705 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. 

GAO. Superfund Program Current Status and Future Fiscal Challenges, Report to U.S. Senate, GAO-03-850, Jul 2003. 

Application of cancer risk assessment values in the context of soil contamination is conducted in the United States under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, also known as the Superfund program. This law was enacted to address abandoned hazardous waste sites through development of a mechanism to provide funding and a process to rate the hazard of... 

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