Supercritical fluid technologies chromatography

This volume spans these diverse areas and bridges the fields of modeling, spectroscopy, chromatography, and extraction. The contributors range from the academic, industrial, and governmental sectors. With this diversity, we have compiled an extensive volume that presents the current status of supercritical fluid technology. 

Over the past decade, much progress in supercritical fluid technology has occurred. For example, supercritical fluids have found widespread use in extractions (2-5), chromatography (6-9), chemical reaction processes (10,11), and oil recovery (12). Most recently, they have even been used as a solvent for carrying out enzyme-based reactions (14). Unfortunately, although supercritical fluids are used effectively in a myriad of areas, there is still a lack of a detailed understanding of fundamental processes that govern these peculiar solvents. 

Supercritical fluid technology has been widely used in extraction and purification processes in the food and pharmaceuticals industryPl 1 1 and for techniques such as supercritical fluid chromatography. Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest of the use of sub- as well as supercritical (SC) carbon dioxide as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for a variety of specific and specialized applications t in which the choices of enviromnentally acceptable alternatives are quite limited. 

Supercritical fluid technology has also been investigated for the enrichment of minor oil components. SFE coupled with supercritical fluid chromatography has been investigated for the enrichment of ferulate phytosterol esters from corn bran... 

Based on the polarity difference between CO2 and the interior of the micelles, w/c microemulsions have found many applications as extraction media. Furthermore, by modifying pressure and temperature, solvent quality may be changed and it becomes, therefore, possible to exert a real control over the extraction process uptake of solutes inside micelles may be varied. This may be of use for separations/extractions involving bio-chemicals and proteins. In conventional solvents their separation from the reaction medium can be quite complicated, involving tedious processes such as fluid-fluid extraction, decantation, chromatography column, filtration, precipitation. Use of supercritical fluid technology with extraction in reverse micelles seems advantageous for proteins (e.g. 19, 76). This process was also used for the extraction of metals (77-79) and more recently of copper from a filter paper surface (1). 

Supercritical fluid technology has been widely employed for extraction and purification processes in foods and pharmaceuticals industry I I and for techniques such as supercritical fluid chromatography. Recently there has be i intwest in applying the use of... 

In 2010 and 2012 All-Russian School-Conference of Young Scientists Supercritical Fluid Technologies in the Decision of Environmental Problems. Plants Biomass Extraction was held on the base of North (Arctic) Federal University. Taking into account the major local directions of scientific work, the scope of the School-Conference included sueh issues as the properties of supercritieal fluids, ScF extraction of plant biomass, chemical and biological processes in ScF media, ScF chromatography in analysis and separation of natural extracts. 

INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND RAMAN SPECTHOSCOPY - INFRARED TECHNOLOGY] (Vol 14) Sfc. See Supercritical fluid chromatography. 

In supercritical fluid chromatography, fluids above their critical point are used as mobile phases. This chapter discusses the principles of operation, mobile phase considerations, parameters that can be adjusted in method development as well as an overview of instrumentation required and a few pertinent examples from current literature. Not everything can be illustrated, but the advantages of this diverse technology will be highlighted. 

The CHEMISTRY OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS has been studied extensively in the past decade. Consequently, our understanding of this field has expanded significantly. Simultaneously, the number of applications in associated analytical technologies (for example, supercritical fluid chromatography and supercritical fluid extraction) has increased. Although the areas of fundamentals and applications are clearly interrelated, they are often discussed separately. 

Another emerging technology is supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) that uses supercritical carbon dioxide as the apolar eluent [46]. The main advantage of SFC, which can be applied both in the analytical and in the purification area, is the higher resolution than the traditional HPLC, allowing time reduction and more efficient separations. Also this technique can be advantageously coupled with a MS detector, to further improve the full analytical process. 

---