Supercapacitors recent developments

Recent reports describe the use of various porous carbon materials for protein adsorption. For example, Hyeon and coworkers summarized the recent development of porous carbon materials in their review [163], where the successful use of mesoporous carbons as adsorbents for bulky pollutants, as electrodes for supercapacitors and fuel cells, and as hosts for protein immobilization are described. Gogotsi and coworkers synthesized novel mesoporous carbon materials using ternary MAX-phase carbides that can be optimized for efficient adsorption of large inflammatory proteins [164]. The synthesized carbons possess tunable pore size with a large volume of slit-shaped mesopores. They demonstrated that not only micropores (0.4—2 nm) but also mesopores (2-50 nm) can be tuned in a controlled way by extraction of metals from carbides, providing a mechanism for the optimization of adsorption systems for selective adsorption of a large variety of biomolecules. Furthermore, Vinu and coworkers have successfully developed the synthesis of... 

This book is devoted to conjointly present the advances in electrochemistry of nanostructured materials. More specifically, the text presents the foundations and applications of the electrochemistry of microporous materials with incorporation of recent developments in applied fields (fuel cells, supercapacitors, etc.) and fundamental research (fractal scaling, photoelectrocatalysis, magnetoelectrochemistry, etc.). The book attempts to make electrochemistry accessible to researchers and graduate students working on chemistry of materials but also strives to approximate porous materials chemistry to electrochemists. To provide a reasonable volume of literature, citations are limited to fundamental articles. Whenever possible, textbooks and review articles have been cited or, alternatively, recent articles covering wide citations of previous literature have been used in order to facilitate access to a more extensive literature for readers who are interested in monographic topics. 

Recent interest in this topic [102] has been tremendous, spurred not only by the opportunity (and indeed desperate need ) to further enhance the performance of batteries but, especially so, to develop novel supercapacitors [68], Among the 41 papers published only in 2007 (through October)—a remarkable number, indeed—and identified as directly relevant to this section of the chapter, 24 were devoted primarily to carbon capacitance issues [71,95,103-124], 7 to redox behavior [125-131], 6 to electrosorption [132-137], and the others to more general electrochemical properties and behavior. 

To conclude, flexible supercapacitors and LIBs have been vigorously developed in recent years, which promise a great potential for applications in portable, wearable, and... 

Recent progress and development in the manganese (di)oxides have been briefly reviewed as the electrode materials for supercapacitors. Manganese oxides show a variety of the crystal structures, surface structures, and particle morphology, depending on the synthesis... 

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