Sunflower mutants

With a view to finding new industrial uses of vegetable oils, the saturated fatty acid content may also be increased. Three high stearic acid sunflower mutants, having as much as 28%, 15%, and 14% of stearic acid in the seed lipids have been... 

Femandez-Moya, V., Martinez-Force, E. and Garces, R. 2002. Temperature effect on a high stearic acid sunflower mutant. Phytochemistry 59 33-37. 

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF DIFFERENT TISSUES DURING HIGH STEARIC OR HIGH PALMITIC SUNFLOWER MUTANTS GERMINATION... 

Fem dez-Martinez, J.M., Mancha, M., Osorio, J., and Garces, R. (1996) Isolation of an X-rays induced sunflower mutant containing high levels of palmitic acid in a high oleic background. Submitted. 

Fatty Acid Composition of Different Tissues During High Stearic or High Palmitic Sunflower Mutants Germination. 

SUNFLOWER MUTANTS WITH ALTERED FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN THE SEED OIL... 

Sunflower Helianthus artnuus) Tradilional line CAS-6 High stearic acid mutant CAS-14 Controlled temperature conditions GC experiments Day/night temperatures 20/ 10°C 25/15°C 30/20°C 35/25°C Entire cultivation cycle In CAS 6, oleic acid content increased with 34 points (fiom 22.7-59.6%) with an increase in the temperature In the high stearic acid mutant, CAS-14, oleic acid content increased with 10 points (from 26.2-36.5%) with an increase in temperature however, oleic acid content was reduced to 24.1% in the mutant at 35/25°C temperature range Eemandez-Moya et al. (2002)... 

Salera and Baldini, 1998). Salunkhe et al. (1992) reported that in HO sunflower seed, fatty acid composition was not affected by climatic conditions. Additionally, in HO mutants the oleic and linoleic acid contents were less influenced by temperature than standard genotypes (Flagella et al., 2000). Lagravere et al. (2000) foimd that the HO hybrids they studied were insensitive to temperature conditions. In contrast, Champolivier and Merrien (1996) suggested that temperature had an effect on oleic acid content in HO sunflower hybrids. 

Vegetative tissues of all sunflower lines have 15-20% palmitic acid. The level of this acid decreased in the germinating cotyledon of the high palmitic mutants and increased in that of the control line to reach this value (figure 2a). Similar results, than that of the high stearic mutants, were obtained with respect to the linolenic acid content (figure 2b), after 5 days the linolenic acid level increased and the cotyledon became green. 

Blockage of A12-desaturase activity would be expected to result in the accumulation of oleic acid. Thus high oleic (acid) oils are available with mutant lines of soybean (Martin and Rinne, 1986), sunflower (Garces and Mancha, 1989 Sperling et al., 1990) and peanut (Powell et al., 1990). The relevant gene in sunflower is repressed in seed but not other tissues (Sperling et al., 1990)... 

Developing sunflower seeds of normal genotype and "high oleic acid" mutant (90% oleic acid, 1% linoleic acid) (1) have been used to study the incorporation of acetate into neutral and polar... 

BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HIGH OLEIC ACID MUTANT FROM SUNFLOWER... 

The lipids of normal and a high oleic acid mutant (1) sunflower seeds have been biochemically characterized. "In vivo" and "in vitro" incubations with [l- c3 oleate showed a lack of oleate desaturase activity in developing mutant seeds. 

Marquez-Ruiz, G, Garces, R, Leon-Camacho, M and Mancha, M (1999) Thermoxida-tive stabiUty of triacylglycerols from mutant sunflower seeds. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 76, 1169-1174. 

The aim of the present work was to study whether phopholipids, fatty acids, free sterols and membrane fluidity modulate vanadate-sensitive H -ATPase and vanadate-sensitive ATP-dependent transport activities in microsomes from etiolated sunflower cotyledons of a normal genotype and a mutant with high oleic acid content [5] during seedling establishment. 

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