Sulphonyl urea

One example of this approach is illustrated in Fig. 1, which represents the interaction at the sulphonyl urea receptor associated with the Katp potassium channel and which is involved in the control of insulin release in the pancreas. This pharmacophore map was obtained by an analysis... 

Fig. 29.6 Epithelioid cell granuloma resulting from sulphonyl urea therapy (HE) (s. tab. 29.10)...

Gregorio F, Ambrosi F, Manfrini S, Velussi M, Carle F, Testa R, Merante D, FUipponi P. Poorly controlled elderly Type 2 diabetic patients the effects of increasing sulphonyl-urea dosages or adding metformin. Diabet Med 1999 16(12) 1016-24. 

The most appropriate dosage schedules for the application of sulphonyl ureas are not yet established. Available data suggest that once-daily (morning) administration 30 min before breakfast may improve the efficacy of sulphonylurea treatment, but only if the exposure to the drug is continuous (Samanta et al., 1984). If postprandial hypoglycaemia ensues in the early part of the day, or if inadequate glycaemic control occurs in the later part of the day, a divided dosage schedule could be tried (Melander et al., 1990). 

The average kill rates of certain herbicides or mixtures of herbicides (Table 2.8) have been calculated for two different periods (1987-1988, weed community typical of the period before the ban on atrazine 1989-1994, weed community typical of the transition period and of period with sulphonyl-ureas available). Within each period, the frequency of each species has... 

Synonyms. N-Propyl-N -(p-chlorobenzene sulphonyl) urea l-(p-Chlorobenzene-sulphonyl) urea l-(p-Chlorophenylsulphonyl)-3-propylurea 4-Chloro-N-[(propylamino)-carbonyl] benzene-sulphonamide ... 

For years, diet was one of the few factors which could be manipulated to improve diabetic control. The discovery of insulin did little to stimulate new developments in diabetic dietary policy and could be said to have had the reverse effect. The last ten years, however, have witnessed a dramatic revival of interest in the dietary management of diabetes. It seems ironical that major changes should have awaited the advent of sulphonyl ureas, more sophisticated insulins, and the technology which can make near-perfect diabetic control a realistic goal, but this underlines the vital role played by diet in the management of diabetics. This chapter will review some of the evidence which has stimulated these dietary changes and will attempt to define foods for diabetics, which combine dietary efficacy with patient acceptability. 

Manami M, Lamanna C, Balzi D, Marchionni N, Mannucci E. Sulphonyl-ureas and cancer a case-control study. Acta Diabetol 2009 46 279-84. 

Ci5Hi6Cl2Ni,03S, 1 -Isopropyl-3- [ 4- (3,4-dichlorophenylamino)-pyrid-3-yl]-sulphonyl -urea, 46B, 233... 

In these cases some of the fragmentations could be eliminated by exposing the sample to the ion plasma in a Cl source. In this way, Baldwin and McLafferty (22) showed that mass spectra of relatively non-volatile compounds can be obtained with temperatures approximately 150 below those normally required to vapourize the sample. This method could be useful particularly when derivatization of the sample is incomplete, gives a number of by-products, or when the derivative decomposes on the column. For example, in an attempt (23) to quantitate the oral hypoglycemic agent, tolbutamide (18) and its metabolites (19 and 20) in himan plasma by GC-MS, it was found that even when derivatized these sulphonyl ureas partly decompose to sulphonamides (fig. 6). This decomposition is thermally... 

Wangermez (15 ) noted that when corticosteroids were given prior to intravenous cholangiography, the biliary excretion of the contrast medium was decreased and the urinary excretion was increased, so that there was impaired visualization of the biliary tract. Similar impaired biliary excretion of ioglycamate has been observed in diabetic patients during treatment with sulphonyl-ureas, in this case associated with an increased incidence of side effects (16 ). Impaired biliary excretion of the cholangiographic media in these circumstances may be due to competition for protein-binding or to competition at the hepatic excretory level. 

Figure 20.3 Sulphonyl urea oral antidiabetic agents.

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