Sulphonate salts chemical

The new Colour Index volume Pigments and Solvent Dyes lists some 350 solvent dyes and gives their chemical structures, unlike earlier editions which named 800 dyes but included few structures. This fall in numbers is not because of any decreased use but rather the general contraction in numbers of all dyes used in the textile industry. Solvent dyes have been introduced not by attempts to synthesise new colorants but by selection and in some cases modification of known disperse dyes to meet the technical requirements. The majority of solvent dyes are azo compounds but among the blue dyes there are anthraquinones. The aqueous solubility of some of the parent sulphonated dyes has been reduced to acceptable levels by formation of their salts with heavy metals or long-chain alkylamines. 

ZnTPP (Hambright, Washington D.C.), duroquinone (DQ) (Aldrich) and methyl viologen (MV+2) (BDH CHEMICALS) were used without further purification. The sodium salt of anthraquinone 2-sulphonate (AQS) (BDH CHEMICALS) was recrystalized from methanol. Benzyldimethyl-n-hexadecylammonium chloride (BHDC) (BDH CHEMICALS) was dried over P205 and stored under vacuum. The solvent, benzene (pro-analysis) (BDH CHEMICALS) was dried and distilled over sodium wire. Stock solutions of reversed micelles were prepared by adding dropwise the calculated amount of water to the appropriate solution of BHDC. The surfactant concentration used throughout the experiments was 0.1 mol dm 3. 

Chemicals which can damage (a) the liver, include carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, bromobenzene, isoniazid, vinyl chloride, ethionine, galactosamine, halothane, dimethylnitrosamine (b) the kidney, include hexachlorobutadiene, cadmium and mercuric salts, chloroform, ethylene glycol, aminoglycosides, phenacetin (c) the lung, include paraquat, ipomeanol, asbestos, monocrotaline, sulphur dioxide, ozone, naphthalene (d) the nervous system, include MPTP, hexane, organophosphorus compounds, 6-hydroxydopamine, isoniazid (e) the testes, include cadmium, cyclophosphamide, phthalates, ethanemethane sulphonate, 1,3-dinitrobenzene (f) the heart, include allylamine, adriamycin, cobalt, hydralazine, carbon disulphide (g) the blood, include nitrobenzene, aniline, phenylhydrazine, dapsone. 

Pyridine is a tertiary amine its aqueous solution shows an alkaline reaction and precipitates the hydroxides of metals, some of which are soluble in an excess of the amine. Salts of pyridine like those of other amines form characteristic double salts with metallic halides. The ferrocyanide of pyridine and the addition-product of pyridine and mercuric chloride are difficultly soluble in water these compounds are used in the purification of the base. Pyridine is a very stable compound it can be heated with nitric acid or chromic acid without undergoing change but at 330° it is converted by a mixture of nitric acid and fuming sulphuric acid into nitropyridine, a colorless compound that melts at 41° and boils at 216°. At a high temperature pyridine is converted into a sulphonic acid by sulphuric acid. Chlorine and bromine form addition-products, e.g., C5H5N.CI2, at the ordinary temperature when these are heated to above 200°, substitution-products are formed. The hydroxyl derivative of pyridine is made by fusing the sulphonic acid with sodium hydroxide it resembles phenol in chemical properties. The three possible carboxyl derivatives of pyridine are known. The a-acid is called picolinic acid, the jS-acid nicotinic acid (664), and the 7-acid isonicotinic acid. 

Other Names C.I. Acid Blue 89, trisodium salt Acid Blue Sh Acid Light Blue Acid Sky Blue Acilan Fast Navy Blue B Atul Acid Sulfon Blue B C.I. 13405 C.I. Acid Blue 89 Calcocid Wool Blue B Cirene Brilliant Blue B Eniacid Brilliant Blue B Fast Wool Blue B Hispacid Fast Blue B Russian Acid Blue Sulfonine Acid Blue B Sulphon Acid Blue B Tertracid Fast Flue SB CA Index Name 2,7-Naphtlialenedisulfonic acid, 4-hydroxy-5-[[4-[(4-methylphenyl)amino]-5-sulfo-l-naphthalenyl]azo]-, trisodium salt CAS Registry Number 10359-95-2 Merck Index Number Not listed Chemical Structure... 

Carbon-13 n.m.r. spectra of trans-1-thiadecalin (71a), of 4-hetera-/ra s-l-thiadecalins (71b), and of the corresponding sulphoxides (cr- or yff-oriented) and sulphones have been reported. The trans- and cis-stereoisomers of 1-thionia-bicyclo[4.4.0]decane salts (72) were prepared, and their stereostructures assigned by C and H n.m.r. spectroscopy and by X-ray analysis. Activation parameters for the configurational inversion of (72) and of the derived ylides were determined. The m-ylide has been found to be much more stable than the rrans-form. Values of substituent-induced C n.m.r. chemical shifts in the 9-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]non-2-ene skeleton were evaluated by measuring the spectra of a number of derivatives (73). ... 

Para Toluene Sulphonic Acid widely used as plasticizers, additive in foundry chemicals, production of cresols, additive in detergents as sodium salts and other chemical reactions. These are outlined as below -... 

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