Sulfurous acid amides

Sulfhydroxamic acids Sulfonylhydroxylamines Sulfuric acid amide esters... 

Sodium nitrite/hydrogen chloride Sulfuric acid amide esters and mixed sulf amides from sym. sulfamides... 

Iminosulfonic acid esters Sulfonic acid amides N-Sulfonylamines Sulfonylammonium salts, quaternary Sulfonyliminoesters Sulfurous acid amide esters Thionitric acid esters... 

Sulfamic acids Sulfenyl nitrates Sulfhydroxamic acids Sulfonylhydroxylamines 20 Sulfonyloxylamines Sulfuric acid amide esters Thionitrite ester S,S-dioxides... 

Sulfuric acid esters with alcoholic or phenolic hydroxy groups, the mixed anhydrides adenosine-5 -sulfatophosphate and its 3 -phosphorylated derivative, as well as secondary products derived from L-cysteine occur in microorganisms, plants and animals. Sulfuric acid amides, e.g., the glucosinolates (D 9.4), are formed in certain plants. 

Sulfhydroxamic acids (Sulfonylhydroxylamines) Sulfuric acid amide esters Sulfonyloxylamines... 

This method was designed to produce an acetyl intermediate just like that in the failed recipe a few paragraphs above using only sulfuric acid and acetonitrile [93]. This reaction works, in theory, in a so-so manner on allylbenzene but not on safrole. This method will not make X for many reasons. So why does underground literature and DEA forensic scientists keep claiming that it does Strike doesn t know either. Let s see what the man who invented this. Dr. Ritter, had to say back in 1952 "several attempts to obtain amides from...safrol (sic) were fruitless. [94]. What makes all these people think that this will work unless no one did their homework. This is another sore spot of Strike s and... 

The amide group is readily hydrolyzed to acrylic acid, and this reaction is kinetically faster in base than in acid solutions (5,32,33). However, hydrolysis of N-alkyl derivatives proceeds at slower rates. The presence of an electron-with-drawing group on nitrogen not only facilitates hydrolysis but also affects the polymerization behavior of these derivatives (34,35). With concentrated sulfuric acid, acrylamide forms acrylamide sulfate salt, the intermediate of the former sulfuric acid process for producing acrylamide commercially. Further reaction of the salt with alcohols produces acrylate esters (5). In strongly alkaline anhydrous solutions a potassium salt can be formed by reaction with potassium / /-butoxide in tert-huty alcohol at room temperature (36). 

Chevron Chemical Co. began commercial production of isophthahc acid in 1956. The sulfur-based oxidation of / -xylene in aqueous ammonia at about 320°C and 7,000—14,000 kPa produced the amide. This amide was then hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid to produce isophthahc acid at about 98% purity. Arco Chemical Co. began production in 1970 using air oxidation in acetic acid catalyzed by a cobalt salt and promoted by acetaldehyde at 100—150°C and 1400—2800 kPa (14—28 atm). The cmde isophthahc acid was dissolved and recrystallized to yield a product exceeding 99% purity. The Arco technology was not competitive and the plant was shut down in 1974. 

Amide-Based Sulfonic Acids. The most important amide-based sulfonic acids are the alkenylarnidoalkanesulfoiiic acids. These materials have been extensively described ia the Hterature. A variety of examples are given ia Table 5. Acrylarnidoalkanesulfoiiic acids are typically prepared usiag technology originally disclosed by Lubrizol Corporation ia 1970 (80). The chemistry iavolves an initial reaction of an olefin, which contains at least one aHyhc proton, with an acyl hydrogen sulfate source, to produce a sulfonated intermediate. This intermediate subsequendy reacts with water, acrylonitrile, and sulfuric acid. 

Sulfated Acids, Amides, and Esters. Reaction with sulfuric acid may be carried out on fatty acids, alkanolamides, and short-chain esters of fatty acids. The disodium salt of sulfated oleic acid is a textile additive and an effective lime soap dispersant. A typical sulfated alkanolamide stmcture is CiiH23C0NHCH2CH20S03Na. Others include the sulfates of mono and diethanolamides of fatty acids in the detergent range. The presence of... 

In contrast to the above additions A-allyl- and substituted A-allyl-amides, -urethanes, -ureas and -thioureas undergo intramolecular cyclization only in 6(3-96% sulfuric acid to give the corresponding oxazolinium and thiazolinium salts. Treatment of these cations with base yields 2-oxazolines and 2-thiazolines in moderate to good yields. The reaction is illustrated by the conversion of A-2-phenylallylacetamide (342) into 2,5-dimethyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline (343) in 70% yield 70JOC3768) (see also Chapter 4.19). 

Amino groups bound to sulfur can be replaced by fluorine via diazotization. In contrast to carboxylic acid amides, fluorodediazoniation of aromatic sulfonamides IS readily accomplished to give sulfonyl fluorides in high yields [52, 7S (equation 16) Tetrazotization-fluorination of sulfanilamide can also be effected to give a 38% yield of p-fluorobenzenesulfonyl fluoride [52],... 

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