Sulfur Treatment

The pH values of lemon exudates and of extracts of the peels were lower in the various sulfur treatments than in the corresponding incubated or nonincubated controls (Table VI). The lower pH values of fruit treated with elemental sulfur and sulfur acids together... 

Reaction of compound 37 with bromine in chloroform results in mono-bromination a to the sulfur. Treatment of this brominated derivative with NaBH3CN in AcOH gives a mixture of products resulting from reduction of the C=N double bond and of elimination of HBr. Reaction of 44 with sodium ethoxide results in the ethoxy-substituted derivative 45, whereas reaction with pyridine gives the dehydrobrominated derivative 46. Reaction of either 44 or 46 with sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) gives the cyano-derivative 47 <1983HCA971> (Scheme 13). 

Hydrode- sulfurization Treatment Catalytic Remove sulfur, contaminants High-sulfur residual/gas oil Desulfurized olefins... 

The primary problem with the systems that have been developed to utilize lower feed sulfur concentrations is the reduced efficiency of sulfur recovery. This effect is not so apparent in lost sulfur revenues as it is in the increased size and cost of the downstream tail-gas treating unit required to minimize the sulfur emissions from the overall sulfur-treatment section. 

Certain oxides, first of all zinc oxide17, as well as copper chromite18 (a mixed copper-chromium oxide), are also active in the saturation of the C=C bond. Partial sulfur treatment under controlled conditions of metals or oxides can result in sulfided catalysts which exhibit specific activity and selectivity in hydrogenations19-21. 

The way sulfur treatment is applied gives rise to pronounced differences in selectivities21. A decrease in the overall alkene yield was observed when 1,3-butadiene was hydrogenated on presulfided Pd. In contrast, much improvement in selective alkene formation from isoprene was achieved when sulfur was present in the feed. In the latter case adsorption competition was suggested to account for the favorable effect of sulfur. 

Pt-Re and Pd-Re clusters are present, but they have regions rich in one metal (partial segregation). Sulfur treatment has little effect on these structures.46 ... 

Carbonation. In this process the mixed juices from the mills are heated, clarified with lime, and evaporated to about 35 degrees Brix. The syrup is relimed and treated with carbon dioxide, filtered, recarbonated, reheated, and refiltered. After carbonation, the syrup is given a double sulfur treatment and filtered. The resulting syrup is subjected to a three- or four-boiling system with the A and B sugars used as the white sugar product. 

STS can be performed in air, especially on materials unreactive to the surroundings, such as Ti02 [63, 64], Fc203 [63], FeS2 [65] and n-WSe2 [66]. GaAs [67] could also be studied by STS in air after stabilization of the surface with a sulfur treatment (see Sec. 5.2). On WSe2, Fan and Bard [66] combined STS with sample illumination... 

Special treatments include treatments to the container after it has been formed into its final shape. These processes can be performed before or after the annealing process. The processes discussed here are concerned with printing and sulfur treatment to improve the chemical durability of the interior container surface. 

For sulfur treatment, various cold gas systems have been developed to remove the bulk of sulfurous contaminants. The technologies and the levels of gas cleaning that they can achieve were summarized by Kerens et al. [9] ... 

Method Precipitation Sulfur Treatment Precipitation Sulfur treabrnnl... 

In addition, the residual sugar, aldehydes and pyruvate are degraded so that less SO2 is required in a subsequent sulfur treatment step. The multiplication of the lactic acid bacteria is promoted by increasing the temperature to 20 °C and stirring up the yeast settlings. 

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