Sulfur test

Both the compressive and tensile strength of sulfur test specimens are affected by a number of variables including ... 

Thinking Critically Why do you think it was necessary to add NaOH and heat before adding BaCl2 in the sulfur test ... 

Paving Trials. A number of sand-asphalt-sulfur test pavements were constructed in Canada without rolling the mixes. The pavements were designed so that mix durability and field performance variables could be evaluated under actual in-service conditions. 

Chinoim N, Leeroy RDB, Blair GJ (1997) Effect of crop duration and soil type on the ability of soil sulfur tests to predict plants response to sulfur. Aust J Soil Res 35 1131-1141. 

In a very thorough research study done at Southwest Research Institute (SWRI), San Antonio, TX, three sulfur test methods (D 2622, D 4294, and D 5453) were studied for fitness of use for the analysis of fuels at sulfur levels below 500 mg/kg [10]. All three were found to be equivalent for measurements in the 150-500 mg/kg range. But D 2622 and D 5453 were found to be of equivalent fitness for use down to 20 mg/kg, and D 5453 even to as low level as 1 mg/kg sulfur. It was also found that the latter method gives the best precision at such low sulfur levels. Later work in ASTM crosschecks confirms these conclusions. 

Tittarelli, P., Round Robin Exercise for Sulfur Test Methods for EN 228 and EN 590 Fuel Specifications, CEN/TC 19/WG 27, April 2000. 

Most known procedures of this group of methods are called oxidation and sulfuration tests. In the former case a metal test specimen wrapped in a VCI film material is placed in a desiccator (about 10 1 in capacity). The internal atmosphere reaches 100% RH using 20 cm of water. The desiccator is blocked up and is placed in a 50° C constant-temperature tank or in normal-temperature room to promote the growth of rust. In sulfuration test the desiccators about 2.5 1 capacity are used. After having adjusted the inside atmosphere to reach 93% RH using 10 cm of a saturated solution of Na2S04, a test metallic strip wrapped in inhibited film material is placed inside. The tests are continued until a corrosive phenomenon is observed. 

The favored test methods correspond to TM0177 Method A (smooth tensile test), TM0177 Method C (C-Ring test), and the SSR test. Many test environments have been used. These include TM0177 Solution A and a 25 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution containing 1 g/L elemental sulfur. Tests are commonly made at temperatures of 194-446°F (90-230°C) in the presence of H2S and CO2 at pressures as high cis 5000 psi (35 MPa). Temperature, chlorides, and H2S pcuticd pressure cure common test variables. 

Note No. 2—MOLTEN SULFUR— Tests conducted in molten sulfur indicate that lllium G, unlike many other corrosion resistant allays, daes not gain in weight or dimensions from immersion in the fluid over long periods of time. 

A lithium-sulfur test cell has shown a high reversible capacity of 900-1350 mA h g and a high coulombic efficiency of some 90% for at least 40 stable cycles at 0.1°C (72). It has been demonstrated to have a theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh which is about 3-5... 

A. Sulfur Test.—To 1 cc. of the filtrate made slightly acid with acetic acid, add a few drops of lead acetate reagent. A black precipitate of PbS show s the presence of sulfur. 

HCl removal efficiencies of greater than 95% have been realized with a system incorporating a fabric filter (Bennett and Nastri, 1990). Removal efficiencies for SO2/HCI of 70%/90% and for SO2/NOX of 90%/70% and 70%/40% have been demonstrated at the 4 MWg EPRI High-Sulfur Test Center (Bennett and Darmstaedter, 1991). The change in NO removal is directly a function of the SO2 removal. NO removal can only be accomplished with this process as a side reaction to SO2 collection. But while total NO, is reduced, NO2 can increase. Hooper (1988) found that an undisclosed additive iiiq>roved SO2 and NO removal and reduced NO2 emissions below the level that caused plume coloration. 

Burke, J. M., Stohs, M.. Price, T. J., and Moser, R. E., 1990A, Results of Sodium Fbrmate Addition Tests at EPRTs High Sulfur Test Center and Associated Electric Cooperative s Thomas Hill Unit 3 FGD System, paper presented at the EPRI/EPA 1990 SO2 Control Symposium, New Orleans, LA, May 8-11. 

Stevens, G.E., Sitkiewitz, S. D., Phillips, J. L., and Owens, D. R., 1991, Results of High SO2 Removal Efficiency Tests at EPRl s High Sulfur Test Center, paper presented at the EPRI/EPA/DOE 1991 SO2 Control Symposium, Washington, D.C., Dec. 3-6. 

A special sulfur test apparatus is used for the determination of sulfur in petroleum products by lamp combustion. The apparatus consists of the burner flask, chimney, spray, and absorption tube. The sulfate that is collected can be determined by a turbidimetric method. 

Sulfur Tests. The sulfur (D90) content of gasoline and burning oils is an important specification. About 10 g of oil is burned in a small lamp, and the products of combustion are drawn through a sodium carbonate absorption solution. The sulfur is determined by titrating the unused sodium carbonate solution. Sulfur in readual fuel oil and cirade oil is determined by the ordinary oxygen-bomb method (D129). 

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