Sulfur metallic liquid

Polysulfides of several metals can be prepared by reaction of the metals with excess sulfur in liquid NH3 (group IA metals) or by heating sulfur with the molten metal sulfide. The polysulfide ion binds to metals to form coordination compounds in which it is attached to the metal by both sulfur atoms (as a so-called bidentate ligand). One example is an unusual titanium complex containing the S52-ion that is produced by the following reaction (the use of h to denote the bonding mode of the cyclo-pentadienyl ion is explained in Chapter 16) ... 

Sulfur and nitrogen form a variety of binary anions with acyclic, cyclic and cage structures.69,70 The Se-N anions are only known in metal complexes. S-N anions play an important role in the formation of cyclic sulfur imides and as constituents of solutions of sulfur in liquid ammonia. 

The dissolution of sulfur in ammonia has been known for more than 100 years [17]. The identification of the chemical species in these solutions was a matter of confusion until the identification of S4N and 83 , by Chivers and Lau [18] and Bernard et al. [19], using Raman spectroscopy. When considering the species formed in the dissolution process, it is quite remarkable that this dissolution is reversible sulfur is recovered after evaporation of ammonia. These solutions are strongly colored (blue), mainly due to the electronic absorption band of S4N at 580 nm. It must be mentioned that this dissolution is moderately fast at room temperature (but much slower than the dissolution of alkali metals) and that the rate is much slower when temperature decreases. It should also be mentioned that concentrated solutions of sulfur in liquid ammonia can be used as the solution at the positive electrode of a secondary battery. The solution at the negative electrode can be a solution of alkali metal in liquid ammonia [20], the electrodes being... 

Polysulfide salts of several metals are known, and they can be prepared by the reaction of metals with sulfur in liquid ammonia or by dissolving sulfur in the molten metal sulfide. 

In this case, the Regulus is called the Mercury or Our Luna and the gold is called Sol or Sulfur. The liquid menstruum is also often referred to as Mercury to confuse you or is called the Secret Fire. It is the catalyst which unites the contrary metals. Thus you will often see pictures of the Sun and Moon being united by Mercury in alchemical works. 

Description Three RAM processes are available to remove arsenic (RAM I) arsenic, mercury and lead (RAM II) and arsenic, mercury and sulfur from liquid hydrocarbons (RAM III). Described above is the RAM II process. Feed is heated by exchange with reactor effluent and steam (1). It is then hydrolyzed in the first catalytic reactor (2) in which organometallic mercury compounds are converted to elemental mercury, and organic arsenic compounds are converted to arsenic-metal complexes and trapped in the bed. Lead, if any, is also trapped on the bed. The second reactor (3) contains a specific mercury-trapping mass. There is no release of the contaminants to the environment, and spent catalyst and trapping material can be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. 

There is a range of polysulfide dianions 8 that can be obtained by reaction of sulfur with simple sulfides, by high-temperature reaction of an alkali metal with sulfur, or by reaction of alkali metals with sulfur in liquid ammonia. Often, once formed, the anions are in equilibrium in solution, but individual anions can be complexed successfully. 8tructures of the free poly sulfide anions are shown in Figure 31. 

Extension of this understanding to metal/silicate systems has come through studies of Jana and Walker (1997a,b) in which it was observed that carbon and sulfur both have large effects on the magnitude of liquid metal-liquid silicate Ds. For example, for tungsten, dissolved carbon increases metal/silicate Ds, whereas sulfur... 

Figure 7 The effect of sulfur content of metallic liquid on the magnitude of the solid metal/liquid metal (SM/LM) partition coefficient. Note that copper and silver have an affinity for S-bearing liquid, whereas nickel, gallium, tungsten, osmium, and rhenium all prefer the solid metal. The connection to core formation is that the latter group of elements will have a lower metal/silicate partition coefficient if the metal is liquid and contains sulfur. Similar effects have been documented for carbon (Willis and Goldstein, 1982) (sources Chabot et al., 2003 Malvin et al., 1986 Jones and Drake, 1983 Liu and Reel, 2001 Fleet et al., 1999).

Figure 18 Metallic melt interconnectivity occurs when the dihedral angle between grains becomes <60 . At low pressures, this only occurs at high total anion content (sulfur, carbon, and oxygen). As a result, most metallic liquids relevant to core formation in the Earth and terrestrial planets have dihedral angles > 60°, and thus are unable to connect. In a solid mantle, metallic liquids will be trapped and unable to percolate (after Rushmer et al., 2000 homestead matrix data (2-23 GPa Shannon and Agee (1996) 25 GPa Shannon and Agee (1998))...

Under higher pressures, liquid sulfur shows several additional transitions [195]. Near the melting point at 12 GPa and 1100 K, the melt transforms to a metallic liquid state the pressure of metallization being much lower than in the solid state (-80-90 GPa at room temperature) [196]. The most reliable critical points in the vicinity of the melting curve of sulfur are listed in Table 24. 

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