Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...

Articles Figures Tables About

Sulfur load area

A zonation of sulfur load areas is further possible on the base of the sulfur content in spruce needles. The contents of total sulfur in the needles of spruce should not exceed the following limits <0.11% S in dry matter for 1-year-old 0.14% S for 2-year-old and 0.17% S for 3-year-old needles. In the case of beech, the limit in the leaves is 0.08% S. [Pg.62]

Columbus April 1980 Sump, sulfuric acid loading area in ZnO plant. [Pg.196]

Figure //. Temporal development (1960-2020) of the exceedance of the 5 percentile maximum critical load of sulfur. White areas indicate non-e.xceedance or lack of data (e.g. Turkey). Sulfur deposition data were provided by the EMEP/MSC-W (Posch et al. 1999). Figure //. Temporal development (1960-2020) of the exceedance of the 5 percentile maximum critical load of sulfur. White areas indicate non-e.xceedance or lack of data (e.g. Turkey). Sulfur deposition data were provided by the EMEP/MSC-W (Posch et al. 1999).
In addition to sulfur, Cl2-compounds such as Clj-dioxide occurred rather frequently. Processes which require high temperatures are less endangered by simple Cl2-com-pounds, but by more critically valued products such as dioxins. They represent a de-novo synthesis which is partly dependent upon temperature conditions (Buekens etal. 2001), and dioxins produced in processes such as sintering or metal smelting in a cocktail of volatile substances can be spread widely over adjacent areas. The liberation of dioxins from industrially loaded areas by a form of washing ouf through temporarily increased water levels makes management of these contaminants difficult, and this is in addition to the chemical nature of the dioxin. The dioxin load of the... [Pg.1426]

Chlorine plays a less significant role in chemical weathering processes than do sulfur and carbon. Most geochemists beHeve that much, or most, of the chloride in stream water in coastal areas is derived from sea salt that is carried landward or deposited by rainfall. Farther inland, however, a major part of the chloride loads in streams is the result of human activities. [Pg.198]

Figure 4. Top The percentage of ecosystem area protected (i.e., non-exceedance of critical loads) from acidifying deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in 1990 (left) and in the year 2010 according to current emission reduction plans in Europe (right). Bottom The accumulated average exceedance (AAE) of the acidity critical loads by sulfur and nitrogen deposition in 1990(left) and 2010 (right). Sulfur deposition data were provided by the FMEP/MSC-W (Posch etal., 1999). Figure 4. Top The percentage of ecosystem area protected (i.e., non-exceedance of critical loads) from acidifying deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in 1990 (left) and in the year 2010 according to current emission reduction plans in Europe (right). Bottom The accumulated average exceedance (AAE) of the acidity critical loads by sulfur and nitrogen deposition in 1990(left) and 2010 (right). Sulfur deposition data were provided by the FMEP/MSC-W (Posch etal., 1999).
As we can see from this map, sulfur deposition exceeds critical load in a wide land area that amounts to 25% of total Chinese ecosystems, which mainly refers to the southeast of China. Among these areas, the exceedances are especially serious in the lower reaches of Changjiang (Yangtze) River, in the Sichuan River Basin, and in the Delta of Zhujiang River. [Pg.352]

The calculation of critical loads of maximum sulfur was carried out on a scale of 11 x 14 km cells. There are 665 cells in the area of South Korea. [Pg.355]

The other part of Korean territory (61.8%), where the sulfur depositions were relatively less but critical load values are relatively higher (see Figure 18), was not subjected to excessive input of sulfur-induced acidity. This area can be considered as sustainable to sulfur input. [Pg.356]

Sulfur 10-200% increase6 in surface area of sulfate particles Increased aerosol mass loading, change in radiative forcing... [Pg.664]

Activity-versus-time curves shown in Fig. 25 for alumina-supported Ni and Ni bimetallic catalysts show two significant facts (1) the exponential decay for each of the curves is characteristic of nonuniform pore-mouth poisoning, and (2) the rate at which activity declines varies considerably with metal loading, surface area, and composition. Because of large differences in metal surface area (i.e., sulfur capacity), catalysts cannot be compared directly unless these differences are taken into account. There are basically two ways to do this (1) for monometallic catalysts normalize time in terms of sulfur coverage or the number of H2S molecules passed over the catalysts per active metal site (161,194), and (2) for mono- or bimetallic catalysts compare values of the deactivation rate constant calculated from a poisoning model (113, 195). [Pg.212]

Power plants and refineries are the primary fixed sources of pollutant emissions in most urban areas. However, other industrial sources, distributed throughout the area, also emit substantial amounts of contaminants. Also during the winter months effluents from home heating can add significantly to the pollutant load in the atmosphere. Sulfur dioxide and particulates are emitted from nearly all fixed sources although many of the particulate emissions are controlled by the use of abatement devices and sulfur dioxide by the use of low sulfur fuels. Also, power plants emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides, and refineries, hydrocarbons. [Pg.82]


See other pages where Sulfur load area is mentioned: [Pg.197]    [Pg.207]    [Pg.988]    [Pg.990]    [Pg.590]    [Pg.820]    [Pg.823]    [Pg.223]    [Pg.504]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.467]    [Pg.529]    [Pg.573]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.219]    [Pg.365]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.874]    [Pg.256]    [Pg.56]    [Pg.327]    [Pg.350]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.417]    [Pg.433]    [Pg.243]    [Pg.278]    [Pg.542]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.397]    [Pg.409]    [Pg.146]    [Pg.2]    [Pg.315]    [Pg.230]    [Pg.273]    [Pg.504]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.58 ]




SEARCH



© 2024 chempedia.info