Sulfonic acids naming

This article uses the former nomenclature. Organoperoxysulfonic acids are named by inserting peroxy in the sulfonic acid name, eg, cyclohexaneperoxysulfonic acid [74232-61 ]. For diacids, the prefixes monoperoxy- or diperoxy- are used, eg, monoperoxysuccinic acid and diperoxyisophthahc acid [1786-87 ]. 

The antibacterial activity of monobactams has provided a great stimulus for synthetic work, and a large number of different compounds have been prepared.7 Sulfamic acid (86) can be used for sulfamation of fatty acid monoglycerides and other compounds. Reaction of aniline with hot sulfamic acid (170°C) afforded a mixture of sulfonic acids, namely orthanilic acid (99), sulfanilic acid (100) and the 2,4-disulfonic acid (101) (Scheme 43). 

Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), namely ABTS-(NH4)2 (518), is found to be an adequate cosubstrate (or mediator) in the enzymatic oxidation of methyl groups on aromatic rings, lihe mediator (518) acts as a single-electron donor and activator of the enzyme (laccase) but does not function as oxidant of the substrate <9SJOC4320>. 

Carboxylic acids are an important class of organic acids, but there is another important class known as the sulfonic acids. Sulfonic acids have the general structure shown in 77, and R may be any alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, butyl, etc.). (Sulfonic acids were introduced in Chapter 6, Section 6.2.4.) Aliphatic sulfonic acids are named by using the name for the hydrocarbon unit R, with the suffix sulfonic acid. Examples include the one-carbon sulfonic acid 78. The one-carbon hydrocarbon is methane, and the one-carbon sulfonic acid 78 is named methane-sulfonic acid. Similarly, 79 is a three-carbon sulfonic acid named propane sulfonic acid. Substituents are handled much like carboxylic acids, in that the SO3H unit... 

Sulfur Acids. Organic oxy acids of sulfur, that is, —SO3H, —SO2H, and —SOH, are named sulfonic acid, sulfinic acid, and sulfenic acid, respectively. In subordinate use, the respective prefixes are sulfo-, sulfino, and sulfeno-. The grouping —SO2—O—SO2— or —SO—O—SO is named sulfonic or sulfinic anhydride, respectively. 

An important aspect of this procedure is the use of latent acid catalysts, such as phenyl hydrogen maleate, phenyl trifluoracetate, and butadiene sulfone. These catalysts reduce the peak exotherm from over 200°C to 130—160°C. The resin catalyst mixture has a working life of up to several days at RT. The elevated temperature of mol ding these latent catalysts generates the corresponding acids, namely, maleic, trifluoracetic, and phenolsulfonic, which cataly2e the resole reaction. Typically, a cycle time of 1—2 min is requited for a mold temperature of - 150° C. 

The action of sulfur nucleophiles like sodium bisulfite and thiophenols causes even pteridines that are unreactive towards water or alcohols to undergo covalent addition reactions. Thus, pteridin-7-one smoothly adds the named S-nucleophiles in a 1 1 ratio to C-6 (65JCS6930). Similarly, pteridin-4-one (73) yields adducts (74) in a 2 1 ratio at C-6 and C-7 exclusively (equation 14), as do 4-aminopteridine and lumazine with sodium bisulfite. Xanthopterin forms a 7,8-adduct and 7,8-dihydropterin can easily be converted to sodium 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin-6-sulfonate (66JCS(C)285), which leads to pterin-6-sulfonic acid on oxidation (59HCA1854). 

Suitably substituted azo compounds constitute an important class of dyes—the azo dyes. Some derivatives such as /j-dimethylaminoazobenzene- p -sulfonic acid Na-salt (trivial name methyl orange) are used as pH-indicators. 

Chemical Name 2-Mercaptoethane sulfonic acid sodium salt Common Name —... 

The group name is intended to cover esters derived from sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids, some of which are thermally unstable. This is especially so for esters of unsaturated alcohols, which are also liable to polymerise, catalysed by the liberated acids. Individually indexed compounds are ... 

Oxidation with stronger oxidizing agents, e.g. potassium permanganate or performic acid, converts the disulfide to two molecules of a sulfonic acid (see Section 7.13.1), namely cysteic acid. This reaction... 

Abbreviated name HOSA (Hydroxylamine 0-sulfonic acid). 

Polyacrylonitrile. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hbres are often called by the shortened name of acrylic hbres. PAN is made by the polymerisation of acrylonitrile incorporating small amounts of co-reactants, which provide anionic centres, snch as sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid gronps. These ionic centres make it possible to dye PAN hbres with basic or cationic dyes, from an aqneons dyebath at pH 3.5-6.0, at temperatures above 80 °C. 

All work has been accomplished using perfluorosulfonate ion exchange membranes manufactured by E.l. duPont and sold under the trade name Nafion. Nafion is a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethy-lene (PTFE) and polysulfonylfluoride vinyl ether containing pendent sulfonic acid groups. The sulfonic acid groups are chemically bound to the perfluorocarbon backbone. 

Azidosulfonic Acids. See under names of individual sulfonic acids... 

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