Sulfonic acids hydrated

Ethylenedioxy-2l-acetoxypregn-4-en-3-one A solution containing 3,3 20,20-bisethylenedioxypregn-5-en-21-ol acetate (120 mg) and /7-toluene-sulfonic acid hydrate (12 mg) in dry acetone (3 ml) is allowed to stand at 22° for 14 hr. Sodium bicarbonate solution and ether are added and the organic layer is separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated. Crystallization of the residue from hexane yields 81 mg (75%) of 20-monoketal, mp 140-141°. 

Figure 27. Defective structure of solid trifluoromethane-sulfonic acid hydrate (CF3S0sH H20)4 found using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD see Section 2.2.3 for a description of the technique), showing two hydronium ions hydro-gen-bonded to sulfonate groups (as found in the perfect structure) but, more importantly, two shared protons (one between two sulfonate groups and the other as part of a Zundel ion see text). Note that the energy of the defective structure is only --30 kj/mol higher than that of the perfect structure.

Prior to imide formation, the imide-aryl ether ketimine copolymers were converted to the imide-aryl ether ketone analogue by hydrolysis of the ketimine moiety with para-toluene sulfonic acid hydrate (PTS) according to a literature procedure [51,52,57-59]. The copolymers were dissolved in NMP and heated to 50 °C and subjected to excess PTS for 8 h. The reaction mixtures were isolated in excess water and then rinsed with methanol and dried in a vacuum oven to afford the amic ester-aryl ether ether ketone copolymer, 2e (Scheme 8.)... 

A soln. of l-keto-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene in acetic anhydride treated dropwise -with swirling in an ice bath with a soln. of coned. H2S04 in acetic anhydride, allowed to stand 2 hrs. at room temp., worked up, and the process repeated - l-keto-l,2,3,4-tetrahydrophen-anthrene-2-sulfonic acid hydrate (startg. m. f. 183). Y 85%. (F. e. s. C. Djerassi, J. Org. Chem. 13, 848 (1948).)... 

SO2—OH Sulfonic acid hydrates —SO7H3O Sulfonate salts —SO3... 

N), pKj stp) -9 (SH). This thio-1,2,4-triazole was prepared and pnrified as for the 3-pyridyl-isomer above but by using isonicotinic acid derivatives. It has mild diuretic and natrinretic activity. [Blackman et al. J Chem Soc C 661 1967, Beyerman et al. Rec Trav Chim Pays Bas 73 109 1954, Yale PidAaJ Med Chem 9 42 1966, Yoshida Asai J Pharm Soc Jpn 74 948 1954, Chem Abstr 49 10937 1955, Beilstein 26 IV 2129]. 5-(4-Pyridyl)-4H-l,2,4-triazole-3-sulfonic acid hydrate was obtained by oxidising the 3-thioI with saturated aqueous KMn04 25° (1 hour), decomposed with EtOH, filtered, precipitated as the Ag salt, filtered off, and decomposed with 5% HCl, then evaporated, and the residue was reciystallised from H2O. It decomposed on heating. [Blackman et al. J Chem Soc C 661 1967.]... 

Figure 4. 200 MHz H-NMR Spectrum of a Polystyrene Recovered After Degrading a Polysiloxane-Polystyrene Block Copolymer with p-Toluene-sulfonic Acid Hydrate.

Sulfonic acids hydrate very easily. Hydrated sulfonic acids are thought to exist as hydronium sulfonates (R—SOJ H30 ) and therefore resemble sulfonate salts with strong absorption in the 1230-1120 cm" region. A very broad band at 2800-1650 cm" with diffuse minima near 2600, 2250, and 1680 cm is thought to be due to the hydronium ion. ... 

Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell. The electrolyte in a PEFC is an ion-exchange (qv) membrane, a fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer, which is a proton conductor (see Membrane technology). The only Hquid present in this fuel cell is the product water thus corrosion problems are minimal. Water management in the membrane is critical for efficient performance. The fuel cell must operate under conditions where the by-product water does not evaporate faster than it is produced because the membrane must be hydrated to maintain acceptable proton conductivity. Because of the limitation on the operating temperature, usually less than 120°C, H2-rich gas having Htde or no (

Although catalytic hydration of ethylene oxide to maximize ethylene glycol production has been studied by a number of companies with numerous materials patented as catalysts, there has been no reported industrial manufacture of ethylene glycol via catalytic ethylene oxide hydrolysis. Studied catalysts include sulfonic acids, carboxyUc acids and salts, cation-exchange resins, acidic zeoHtes, haUdes, anion-exchange resins, metals, metal oxides, and metal salts (21—26). Carbon dioxide as a cocatalyst with many of the same materials has also received extensive study. 

Lakes are either dry toner pigments that are extended with a soHd diluent, or an organic pigment obtained by precipitation of a water-soluble dye, frequendy a sulfonic acid, by an inorganic cation or an inorganic substrate such as aluminum hydrate. 

Naphthionic acid (4-aminonaphthalene-l-sulfonic acid) [84-86-6] M 223.3, m > 300°(dec), pK 2.68. It crystallises from H2O as needles of the 0.5 hydrate. Salt solns fluoresce strongly blue. 

Hydrazine hydrate, in preparation of sulfonylhydrazides, 40, 93, OS in reduction of 2-nitrofiuorene to 2-aminofluorene, 40, 5 in Wolff-Kishner reduction, 43, 34 Hydrazines, asymmetrically substituted by N-aminatiou of amines by hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid, 43,2... 

A possible explanation comes from X-ray analyses of the sulfonic acids [45]. All X-rayed crown ether crystals contained water and the sulfonic acid moiety was dissociated. Therefore in crystals of [45], macrocyclic ben-zenesulfonate anions and hydronium ions (sometimes hydrated) are present. The ions are bound to each other by hydrogen bonds. The size of the included water-hydronium ion cluster (varying by the number of solvating water molecules) depends on the ring size. In the 15-membered ring, HsO" was found, whereas in a 21-membered ring HsO and in the 27-membered ring were present. This means the sulfonic acid functions in [45] are... 

Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[(ethoxymethyl)[2-(l-hydroxyethyl)-6-methylphenyl] amino]-2-OXO-, sodium salt, hydrate (1 1), should be >95% pure (HEMA-producing sulfonic acid metabolite, referred to from this point as Metabolite II)... 

Pt-catalyzed hydration of various aliphatic and aromatic alkynes under phase transfer conditions in (CH2C1)2/H20 in the presence of Aliquat 336 led to either a Markovnikov product, mixtures of two ketones, or ketones with the carbonyl group positioned away from the bulky side.72 In the absence of the phase transfer reagent, Aliquat 336, hardly any reaction took place. Recently, a hydrophobic, low-loading and alkylated polystyrene-supported sulfonic acid (LL-ALPS-SO3H) has also been developed for the hydration of terminal alkynes in pure water, leading to ketones as the product.73 Under microwave irradiation, the hydration of terminal arylalkynes was reported to proceed in superheated water (200°C) without any catalysts.74... 

N.F. Hu and J.F. Rusling, Electrochemistry and catalysis with myoglobin in hydrated poly(ester sulfonic acid) ionomer films. Langmuir 13, 4119-4125 (1997). 

Excess acidity correlations have been used to show that some aromatic sulfonic acid desulfonations have an A-SE2 mechanism.188,189 This mechanism (alternative terminologies are Ad-E2 and A(E) +A(N))190 has also been found to apply to the hydration of acetylene itself,191 to ynamines192 and to many other alkynes,193-195 as well as to many different alkenes196-199 and vinyl ethers.200-203 The excess acidity method has been used to evaluate aA values for several alkene hydrations.204 205... 

All of these compounds were originally precipitated onto aluminum oxide hydrate, which served as a carrier. This applies accordingly to hydroxyanthraquinone sulfonic acids. 

Phosphinic acid Sulfonamide Sulfone Ketone hydrate... 

G-50 column and eluted in 2-(N-Morpholino) ethansulfonic acid hydrate (MES)/N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-(2-ethane-sulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer pH 7.2 (50 mM MES, 50 mM HEPES, 75mM NaCl) to remove unencapsulated BPs. Several formulations with different sizes were obtained (0.6, 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1 pm). Liposome size and morphology was determined by dynamic light scattering and cryo-TEM microscopy (Fig. 1). 

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