Sulfomethylation Lignin

In hydraulic cement slurries, fluid loss additives based on sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignins have been described. 

Sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignins are reacted with phenol-blocking reagents, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide [1571]. 

Another method is amination with a polyamine and an aldehyde [1567]. The formulation also contains sodium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfite, sodium metasilicate, or naphthalene sulfonate. The sulfonated or sulfomethyl-ated aminated lignin shows less retardation (shorter thickening time) than a sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignin without the attached amine. 

P. Schilling. Aminated sulfonated or sulfomethylated lignins as cement fluid loss control additives. Patent US 4990191, 1991. 

The aromatic rings of kraft lignins can be sulfonated to varying degrees with sodium sulfite at high temperatures (150—200°C) or sulfomethylated with formaldehyde and sulfite at low temperatures (<100° C). Oxidative sulfonation with oxygen and sulfite is also possible. 

Organophilic polyphenolic materials for oil-based drilling fluids have been described [407], The additives are prepared from a polyphenolic material and one or more phosphatides. The phosphatides are phosphoglycerides obtained from vegetable oils, preferably commercial lecithin. Humic acids, ligno-sulfonic acid, lignins, phenolic condensates, tannins the oxidized, sulfonated, or sulfomethylated derivatives of these polyphenolic materials may serve as polyphenolic materials. 

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