Sulfide stress cracking, corrosion

Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materialfor OilField Equipment, NACE Standard MR-01-75, 1980 rev.. Technical Practices Committee, National Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, Tex., 1980. 

For sour service, National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) MR-01-75 requires that steel material have a Rockwell C hardness of less than 22 and contain less than 1% nickel to prevent sulfide stress cracking. 

Standard Material Requirements Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment Corrosion Engineers Reference Handbook... 

Corrosion, stress, temperature Sulfide stress cracking... 

Standard Test Method Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H Environments, Standard TM0177-96, NACE International, Houston, 1996. 

HIC differs from sulfide stress cracking (SSC), which also results from the absorption of hydrogen during corrosion in aqueous H2S environments [127, 128]. Whereas HIC does not require an apphed stress and occurs in low-strength steels, SSC does require an external tensile stress and occurs in high-strength steels or in hard areas associated with the heat-affected zones adjacent to welds. However, SSC cracks in the heat-affected zone can lead to SOHIC in the adjacent base metal. 

C.M. Liao, J.L. Lee, Effect of molybdenum on sulfide stress cracking resistance of low-aUoy steek. Corrosion 50 (1994) 695—704. 

NACE Technical Committee, Task Group T-lF-23, Stress corrosion cracking resistance of pipeline welds a special report on sulfide stress cracking resistance of pipeline welds. Mater. Perform. 32 (1993) 58-64. 

P.J. Grobner, D.L. SponseUer, D.E. Diesburg, Effect of molybdenum content on the sulfide stress cracking resistance of AISI 4130-type steel with 0.035% Cb, Corrosion 35 (1979) 240-249. 

Sulfide stress cracking (SSCC) has special importance in the gas and oil industry, as the materials being processed there (natural gas and crude oil) often contain a considerable amount of hydrogen sulfide. SSCC is a low-temperature effect of H2S in an aqueous environment, and sulfidation is the term used for high-temperature (>250°C) sulfur corrosion. In gas pipelines, if the gas is sweet... 

Hydrogen sulfide can also cause corrosion of stainless steels such as 316 and 410 stainless in the form of sulfide stress cracking. Copper alloys corrode rapidly in H2S service. Upper limit values have been developed by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE MR-0175 NACE 2008). In the gas phase, a stream is sour if the H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.05 psia. If a single phase liquid is in equilibrium with a gas phase, where the gas phase H2S partial pressure exceeds 0.05 psia, then that liquid is also considered to be sour. 

M. Elboujdaini, Hydrogen-induced cracking and sulfide stress cracking, in Uhlig s Corrosion Handbook, 2nd edition, R. W. Revie, editor, Wiley, New York, 2000, pp. 205-220. 

Some specific corrosion environments, in the presence of applied tensile stress on the metal siuface (above some threshold vtilue), can cause stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). The somce of stresses can be extemtil, but residual stresses can tilso cause SCC failures. Specific corrosive pollutants, which may contribute to the SCC of carbon steels, are for example, the carbonates in water. Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) commonly occms on the outside of a pipe where sulfate-reducing bacteria me present at a soil pH of 3-7. Because of the produced iron sulfide (FeS), which adsorbs readily on the steel surface, hydrogen atoms generated... 

NACE MR0175, Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistauit Metaillic Materials for Oilfield Equipment, Nationad Association of Corrosion Engineers, Houston, TX, 1992,... 

It should be noted that titanium aUo5 are generally not susceptible to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) in HjS-rich, sulfides, and/or sulfur containing environments (e.g., sour gas/oil well fluids). This inherent SSC resistance stems from the fact that formation of titanium sulfide corrosion products is not thermodynamically favored, such that stability of titanium s protective oxide surface film wiU prevail even at higher service temperatures. In these hot sour brine service environments, resistance to chloride-induced SCC is a more relevemt issue for titanium alloys. 

Treseder, R. S., "A Comparison of Sulfide Stress Cracking Tests, Corrosion Testing and Evaluation Silver Anniversary Volume, ASTM STP 1000, R. Baboian and S. W. Dean, Eds., ASTM International, 1990, p. 312. 

Recommendations for Selecting Inhibitors for Use as Sucker Rod Thread Lubricants Sulfide Stress Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oil Field Equipment Metallic Materials for Sucker Rod Pumps for Hydrogen Sulfide Environments Control of Internal Corrosion in Steel Pipelines and Piping Systems... 

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