Sulfated glycosides

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SULFATED GLYCOSIDES FROM ECHINODERMS... 

Most of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides are tetra- or pentaglycosides. The majority of tetrasaccharides show a linear chain with the most common 3-0-Me-Glc-(l—>3)-Glc-(1 4)-Qui-(l—>2)-Xyl structure. The few disaccharides that have been isolated show a Qui-(1 2)-4-0S03Na-Xyl chain attached to C-3 of the triterpenoid aglycone. Some hexasaccharides have been isolated from sea cucumbers of the order Aspidochirota Stichopus japonica, Stichopus chloronotus, Parastichopus californius and Bohadschia bivittata [55]. They are non-sulfated glycosides with a linear 3-0-Me-Glc-(1 3)-Glc-(l- 4)-Xyl chain and a branching of a linear trisaccharide at C-2 of the xylose unit. 

Fig. (18). Sulfated glycosides isolated from the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa...

Fig. (24). Sulfated glycosides from Mensamaria intercedens, Staurocucumis liouvillei and Thyone aurea...

The sulfated glycoside, carboxyatractyloside (678), was reported from two sources, Xanthium strumarium 232) and Atractylis gummifera 239). This hypoglycemic compound strongly inhibits translocation of adenine nucleotides... 

Note Flavonoids react with the reagent even at room temperature [1] mycotoxins, steroids, purines, pyrimidines, cardiac glycosides and lipids only react on heating [2, 4-6]. Zirconyl sulfate can be used to replace the zirconyl chloride in the reagent this is reported to result in an increase in the sensitivity to certain groups of substances (e.g. cholesteryl esters, triglycerides) [4]. 

Proteoglycans linked to chondroitin sulfate by the Xyl-Ser O-glycosidic bond are prominent components of cartilage (see below). The repeating disaccharide is similar to that found in hyaluronic acid, containing... 

In vivo, one of the main groups of carotenoids are the snlfates of eritoxanthin sulfate and of the caloxanthin sulfates. The sulfates of carotenoids are not associated with pigment-protein complexes, for example, they are neither part of the fight harvesting complexes nor of the reaction centers. In nonphotosynthetic bacteria, carotenoids appear sporadically and when present, they have unique characteristics. Some Staphylococci accumulate C30 carotenoids, flavobacteria C45 and C50, while some mycobacteria accumulate C40 carotenoid glycosides. ... 

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