Sulfate thiosulfate

The amount of chloride, sulfate, thiosulfate, or other aggressive anions dissolved in water necessary to produce noticeable attack depends on many interrelated factors. Extraordinarily, if the water is quite aggressive, general corrosion may occur so rapidly outside the crevice that concentration differences cannot easily develop between the crevice interior and exterior. However, it is usually safe to assume that as the concentration of aggressive anions increases in solution, crevice attack is stimulated. Seawater chloride concentrations produce severe attack in most stainless crevices in a few weeks. 

Waste-to-energy boilers Coal-fired Boilers Pulp and paper digesters Kraft recovery boilers Municipal waste containing chloride, sulfur, alkali metals, zinc and lead Sulfidation attack boiler tube wastage (50-60 mpy) Thiosulfate and polysulfides Sulfate, thiosulfate Chloride 59 (alloy 625 overlay weld metal used) 8 (alloy 625 and 309 SS) 21 (overlaid with 309 SS) 11 (309 L on lower furnace sidewalls 625 on floor tubes and smelt opening)... 

Sulfinic acid amides are obtained in the reaction of sulfinic acids with amines in the presence of DCC." In the reaction of sulfuric acid with alcohols, thioalcohols and amines in the presence of DCC, the respective sulfates, thiosulfates and amides are obtained." The reaction of H3PO4 with DCC, followed by alcohol affords (R0)2P(0)H." ... 

De Carvalho, L.M., Schwedt, G. Sulfur speciation by capillary zone electrophoresis conditions for sulfite stabilization and determination in the presence of sulfate, thiosulfate and peroxodisulfate. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 368, 208-213 (2000)... 

The reaction of a strong solution of aqueous ammonia with the sulfide concentrate in a strongly agitated pressure vessel at a temperature between 160 and 190°F under an oxygen partial pressure of about 10 psi, either as pure oxygen or as compressed air, fulfills the optimal conditions for the above requirements. The iron present in the concentrate is oxidized to hydrated ferric oxide which, together with the silicates is insoluble in aqueous ammonia. The copper, nickel, and cobalt form their amines, while the sulfides are oxidized to sulfates, thiosulfates, and polythionates. 

In the presence of oxygen in solution, complex mixtures of sulfite, sulfate, thiosulfate and polythionates ions are created [11]. The primary influence on the thiosulfate... 

MUR/KUR] Murai, R., Kurakane, K., Sekine, T., The stability constants of nickel(Il) complexes with chloride, thiocyanate, sulfate, thiosulfate and oxalate ions, as determined by a solvent extraction method. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 49, (1976), 335-336. Cited on pages 146, 148, 234, 377. 

HCl-soluble sulfur (pore water sulfates, thiosulfates, polythionates, polysulfides, soluble organic sulfnr, and HCl-hydrolyzable organic sulfur such as sulfate polysaccharides and amino acids)... 

It is well established that most of the known anaerobic prokaryotes perform oxidative phosphorylation without O2. Depending on the species and the metabolic conditions, these bacteria may use a large variety of inorganic (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, thiosulfate, elemental sulfm, polysulfide sulfur) or organic compounds (e.g., fumarate, dimethylsulfoxide, trimethylamine-A -oxide, vinyl- or arylchlorides) as terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. The redox reactions with these acceptors are catalyzed by membrane-integrated electron transport chains and are coupled to the generation of an electrochemical proton potential (Ap) across the membrane. Oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of O2 is also termed anaerobic respiration . Oxidative phosphorylation with elemental sulfur is called sulfm respiration . Oxidative phosphorylation with polysulfide sulfur is called polysulfide respiration . 

We may divide the sulfur compounds into primary and conjugated, the primary compounds forming a part of more complex chemical structures in the latter. The major primary sulfur compounds that have an established role in the normal biochemical processes of the vertebrate range in variety from the simple inorganic compounds, sulfate, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate, to the amino acids, cysteine, cystine, methionine,... 

Other anions, which give either complex ions or a precipitate with zirconium, behave similarly to fluorides. Large amounts of sulfates, thiosulfates. 

The complex between zirconium and alizarine red S (sodium 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene sulfonate. Figure 6.2) gives red-brown color in acid solution if alizarine red S is in excess and violet color if the zirconium is in excess. The complex is decolorized by fluoride ions. Phosphate, arsenate, sulfate, thiosulfate, and oxalate as well as organic hydroxy acids interfere with this reaction. 

Ammonia is readily absorbed by potassium carbonate solutions. Sulfur dioxide and hydrogen cyanide, both acidic compounds, are also readily absorbed by hot carbonate solutions. After absorption, these compounds react further forming a variety of compounds, such as sulfates, thiosulfates, thiocyanates, polysulfides, and elemental sulfur, which accumulate in the solution. 

Lanthanons are not sorbed to any appreciable extent on anion exchangers from aqueous HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4, and are only weakly sorbed from solutions of salts such as sulfites, sulfates, thiosulfates, nitrates, nitrites and thiocyanates. Marcusa i however, demonstrated that gradient elution,... 

The oxidation of methionine sulfur in the living animal appears to take place in both the d- and Z-forms. Among the products of this oxidation, notably sulfate, thiosulfate, and taurine have been isolated. 

In contrast to the fact that Z-cysteine alone can be utilized for growth, oxidation in the living animal of the sulfur from d- or Z-cysteine seems to proceed equally well. Among the products resulting from this oxidation cystine, sulfate, thiosulfate, and taurine have been identified. 

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