Anthracene, sulfonation

Abbreviations AAO anodic aluminium oxides ANSA 5-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid APS—Ammonium persulphate ASA — Anthracene Sulfonic acids CB — conduction band CPs — conducting polymers CSA... 

Michira, I. N. Klink, M. R.O. Akinyeye Somerset, V. M. Sekota Al-Ahmed, A. P.G.L. Baker Iwuoha, E. I. In Recent advances in analytical electrochemistry Anthracene sulfonic acid-doped polyanilines electrodynamics and application as amperometric peroxide biosensor Kenneth, O. Ed. Chapter 5 Transworld Research Network Karala India, 2007 Vol., pp. 137. 

Alizarin Red S (3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene sulfonic acid, Na salt. H2O) [130-22-3] M 360.4, pKj <1, pK 5.49, pK 10.85 (11.01). Commercial samples contain large amounts of sodium and potassium chlorides and sulfates. It is purified by passing through a Sephadex G-10 column (size exclusion column), followed by elution with water, then 50% aqueous EtOH [King Pmden Analyst (London) 93 601 1968]. Finally dissolve it in EtOH and precipitate it with Et20 several times [Sacconi J Phys Chem 54 829 1950, polarography Fumam Stone J Am Chem Soc 70 3055 1948, Beilstein 11 IV 682.]... 

His investigations on the auto-oxidation of alcohols - have been extended by Wells to various a- and iS-n-aldopyranoses, methyl a- and /3-D-aldopyranosides, and polysaccharides. The author is indebted to Dr. C. F. Wells for making his results available for this article prior to their publication.During the auto-oxidation of alcohols in aqueous solutions photosensitized by sodium 9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene-sulfonate, the energy of the photo-excited, quinonoid sensitizer is degraded by the following two processes. 

Nitrobenzyl snifonamide (4-Nllrotoluene-a-sulfonamide) Anthracene-]-sulfon-amide... 

The complex between zirconium and alizarine red S (sodium 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene sulfonate. Figure 6.2) gives red-brown color in acid solution if alizarine red S is in excess and violet color if the zirconium is in excess. The complex is decolorized by fluoride ions. Phosphate, arsenate, sulfate, thiosulfate, and oxalate as well as organic hydroxy acids interfere with this reaction. 

An example of the effect of CDs on the photocycloaddition reaction is the photodimerization of water-soluble 2-anthracene sulfonate 114 (Scheme 5.37). In sole water, the cycloadducts 115,116,117, and 118 were obtained in relative percentage of 45,35,18, and 2%, respectively. The presence of a- and y-CD did not change the isomeric distribution, while the /3-CD allowed only the dimer 115 to be obtained. The results were explained by the formation of different guest/host inclusion complexes. 

Carbonaceous materials are obtained via heat treatment from various sources, including coal, liquefied coal, coke, petroleum, resins, carbon blacks, paraffins, olefins, pitch, tar, polycyclic aromatic compounds (naphthalene, biphenyl, naphthalene sulfonic acid, anthracene sulfonic acid, phenanthrene sulfonic acid, etc.), polymers (polyethylene, polymethylacrylale, polyvinyl chloride, phenol resin, polyacrylonitrile, etc.) [99-101J. This kind of fluids is claimed to. show a strong ER effect, low electric power consumption and excellent durability [101]. Several publications addressed the ER effect and physical properties of carbonaceous ER fluids [102-104]. 

Amino-9,10-dihydro-4-l 3- [ (2-hydroxyethyl)-sulfonyl)anilinol-9,10-dioxo-2-anthracene-sulfonic acid, hydrogen sulfate (ester), disodium salt... 

Anthracene. Sulfonation of anthracene 49 with chlorosulfonic acid in acetic acid (95 C) affords equal amounts of the 1- and 2-sulfonic acids (50 and 51) (Equation 15) increasing the temperature of the reaction favours the formation of the 2-isomer 51. 

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