Sugars steroid-sugar compounds

When intermediate 274 reacted with ketones 133 (from D-glucose) or 270 (from D-fructose), mixed steroid-sugar compounds 278 and 279 were, respectively, obtained in low yields (10-16%). In addition, the use of protected estrone 280 (precursor of the epoxide 272) as electrophile allows the preparation of the dimeric steroid 281 in 26% yield. The low yields obtained for compounds 278, 279 and 281 are due to extensive decomposition during their column chromatographic purification. 

The reaction of many compounds of biological interest with ammonium bicarbonate on thin-layer plates permits detection of 10-100-ng amounts of these compounds [141]. Many compounds in the lipid, steroid, sugar, amino acid, purine, pyrimidine and alkaloid classes can be analyzed in this way (Table 4.26). 

This review of literature covering phytochemical investigations on ten Taxus species have resulted in the isolation of nearly three hundred and fifty compounds belonging to the classes of taxanes, lignans, flavonoids, steroids, sugar derivatives, aromatic acids, etc. 

Use S. is the economically most important sugar compound and is produced in larger amounts for further use as an industrial feedstock, see also Lit. . Besides its main use in the food industry and for conservation purposes (jams, etc.), S. can also be used in plastics, varnishes, as fermentation additive for the production of proteins, amino acids, yeasts, enzymes, antibiotics, steroids, fats, ethanol, ethylene, glycerol, sorbitol, sugar acids, explosives, tartaric acid, softeners, saccharose esters for detergents, etc. S.-propylene oxide adducts are used in hard PUR expanded plastics. 

Hundreds of applications have been mentioned in the Zweig (1968) review acids, alkaloids, amino acids, antibiotics, antioxidants, food and feed additives, bases and amines, bile acids, carbonyls, dyes, enzymes, lipids, hydrocarbons, hormones, indoles, natural products, peptides, proteins, pesticides, plant growth regulators, pharmaceutical products, phenols, pigments (chlorophylls, xanthophylls, porphyrins, melanin, pterins, pteridines, anthocyanins, ilavonoids, etc.), polymers, purine and pyrimidine derivatives, quinones, RNA, DNA, organic sulfur compounds, steroids, sugars, toxins, vitamins, inorganic ions, and others. 

In Table 19.1, various kinds of adsorbents (solid phases) used in column chromatography are listed. The choice of adsorbent often depends on the types of compounds to be separated. Cellulose, starch, and sugars are used for polyfunctional plant and animal materials (natural products) that are very sensihve to acid-base interactions. Magnesium silicate is often used for separating acetylated sugars, steroids, and essential oils. Silica gel and Florisil are relatively mild toward most compounds and... 

H. Budzikiewicz, C. Djerassi, and D.H. Williams, Structure elucidation of natural products by mass spectrometry. Vol. II. Steroids, terpenoids, sugars and miscellaneous compounds, Holden-Day, San Francisco (1964). 

Ishibashi, A. and Nakashima, N., Individual dissolution of single-waUed carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution of steroid or sugar compounds and their Raman and Near-IR spectral properties . Chemistry-A European Journal, 2006,12,7595-7602. 

Heating a dry TLC plate in the presence of ammonium bicarbonate vapor produces fluorescent derivatives of most organic compounds, including alkaloids, sugars, steroids, and amino acids. 

Extremely large twists have been detected with some sugar/steroid compounds like digitoxine, solanine, and tomatine. Figure 14.15 shows that a nonzero twist can be measured already at very low dopant concentrations. Assuming an aggregation number of 200 per micelle, a dopant concentration... 

HPLC has had considerable success in separating compounds as diverse as steroids, carbohydrates, vitamins, dyestuffs, pesticides and polymers. It is used routinely for the assay of pharmaceutical products, the monitoring of drugs and metabolites in body fluids and for other biomedical, biochemical and forensic applications, such as the detection of drugs of abuse. The determination of additives in foodstuffs and beverages including sugars,... 

Diverse plants (A) are sources of sugar-containing compounds (glycosides) that also contain a steroid ring (structural formulas, p. 133) and augment the contractile force of heart muscle (B) cardiotonic glycosides, cardiosteroids, or digitalis."... 

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