Sugars rhubarb

Oxalic acid is poisonous to humans, but its concentrations are generally too low in foods to be of concern, although rhubarb leaves are quite poisonous. Lactic acid is produced from the fermentation of lactose, which is the principal sugar found in milk. The taste and smell of sour milk is due to the production of lactic acid from bacterial fermentation. Lactic acid accumulates in our muscles during exercise and strenuous physical activity. It is responsible for the sore, aching feeling often associated with these activities. Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 

It is a white solid used in removal of certain kinds of stains, in removing calcium ions from solutions, and in tanning leather. It occurs naturally and is toxic. The potassium and calcium salts of oxalic acid are found naturally in cabbage, spinach, and rhubarb leaves, and are also found in the bark of some species of eucalyptus trees. The metabolism of sugar by many species of mold results in the production of oxalic acid. Ingestion of large amounts can cause kidney damage, convulsions, and death. 

Occurrence Either free, or combined with a sugar in a glucoside, in rhubarb, cascara sagrada, and other plants. A synthetic product is also available. 

Take of rhubarb, bruised, and liquorice root, bruised, of each 2 ounces aniseed, bruised, and sugar, of each 1 ounce diluted alcohol, 2 pints. Macerate for 14 days, express, and... 

Syrup of Khubarb and Senna. Digest for 14 days 6 ounces each bruised rhubarb root and senna leaves, and 14 ounces cardamom seed.s, iu G pints dilute alcohol filter, and evaporate to 3 pints. Mix 12 ounce.s of this with syrup ma[Pg.286]

Osborne s Syrup, This is ono of the most valuable preparations that can be made for children. Simmer 11 drachms each, rhubarb root, anise seed, and liquorice root, in 45 ounces boiliu r water over a slow fire till reduced to two-thirds. Then make a syrup with 4f troy pounds white sugar, add 2 drachms each manna and compound tincture of opium (paregoric), and 225 grains salt of tartar. In warm weather, add a wineglass of French brandy. 

Davis Keutraliziagr Cordial. Take 8 ounces rhubarb, 2 ounces each saffron, cardamoms, nutmeg, and carbonate of soda 2 pounds white sugar, and 2 ounces essence of peppermint, witi sufficient brandy and water to make up to 2 pints. Dose, 1 to... 

Diarrhea Tincture. Compound tincture of myrrh, 5 ounces tincture of rhubarb, and spirits of lavender, of each 5 ounces tincture of opium, 3 ounces oils of anise and cinnamon, with gam camphor and tartaric acid, of each ounce. Mix. Dose, 1 tea-spoonful in a littlo warm water sweetened with loaf sugar repeat after each passage. This is a magic remedy. 

Ifeutralizixig Mixture. Powdered rhubarb, 3 scruples saleratus, or crude bicarbonate of potash, 3 scruples powdered peppermint plant, 3 scruples boiling water, I pint decoction of aniseed, i pint. Kix. Strain, Bwoetcu with sugar, and add 3 table-spoonfuis of brandy. Take 1 or 2 table-spoonfuls os often as tlie symptoms require For children, a leas dose. valuable in cholera, bowel complaints of children, laxity of the bowels, dux, Ac. 

Definition Occurs either free or combined with a sugar in a glucoside in rhubarb, cascara sagrada, aloes, other plants or synthetically produced Empirical C15H10O5 Formula Ci4H402(0H)3CH3 Properties Orange needles or powd. sol. in alcohol, acetic acid, alkali hydroxide sol ns., sodium carbonate sol ns., ammonia sol ns. sol. 10-50 mg/ml in DMSO sol. 5-10 mg/ml in acetone sol. < 1 mg/ml in water, 95% ethanol m.w. 270.24 m.p. 256-257 C (dec.) b.p. subl. 

Oxalic acid, separated from sorrel through the lead salt, was shown (1784-1785) to exist in rhubarb and other vegetables as the calcium salt ( earth of rhubarb ), and was proved to be the same as the acid formed by the action of nitric acid on malic acid or cane sugar. By oxidising milk sugar with nitric acid Scheele in 1780 obtained both oxalic acid and a new insoluble acid (acidum sacchari lactis acidum galacto-saccharinum), viz. mucic acid, and by heating mucic acid, a sublimate of pyromucic acid. ... 

NagHRibl Mutm-Cabbage, egg plant, eggs, fats and ois. ice cream, lettuce, milk, most fruits, mushrooms, rhubarb, rutabagas, sausages and luncheon meats, sugar, tomatoes. 

Other constituents present in Chinese rhubarbs include calcium oxalate (ca. 6%), fatty acids (oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), sugars (glucose, fructose, etc.), rutin and other flavonoids, starch (ca. 16%), resins, and others (bradly jiangsu nanjing stahl). 

---