Sugar, production volume

Until a few hundred years ago, sugar was strictiy a luxury item. Queen Elizabeth I is credited with putting it on the table in the now familiar sugarbowl, but it was so expensive that it was used only on the tables of royalty. Sugar production reached large volume at a reasonable price only by the eighteenth century. 

TABLE 2.1 Annual Production Volume and Prices of Simple Sugars and Sugar-Derived Alcohols and Acids as Compared to Some Petrochemically Derived Basic Chemicals and Solvents... 

During the semibatch experiments, vacuum filtration was applied at 4 d and 8 d after the start of saccharification, to remove the sugar product as filtrate. In selected semibatch experiments, ultrafiltration was applied to the vacuum filtrate to recover soluble enzymes. In other semibatch experiments, the vacuum filter cake was washed extensively with deionized water to remove any enzymes not bound to the solids. After filtration, pretreated corn stover slurry and 7 mL of solution (the ultrafiltration filtrate, or citrate buffer when ultrafiltration was not used) were added to the residual solids and bound enzymes, to replace the volume removed as filtrate during the ultrafiltration step. The additional substrate promotes further saccharification by reusing the cellulase enzymes. To promote further saccharification in a final set of semibatch experiments, additional cellulase at a specific activity of 5 FPU/g of fresh cellulose was added along with the fresh corn stover after vacuum filtration. 

Method (II) B is suitable for sugar products when lead is to be determined and (II) C for small volumes of liquid samples. 

Annual volume (1995) derived from sugar production was 60-70 X 10 mt. 

Isomerization of glucose is an economically important process, leading to - isomerized sugars (high-fructose syrups, HFCS, and crystalline - fructose) with an a world-wide annual production volume of more than 10 x 10 mt. 

Among the various types of sugars marketed, the mass consumption of sucrose far outweighs by volume the consumption of other products. Sucrose, also called table sugar, is a disaccharide which, upon hydrolysis, yields two monosaccharides glucose and fmctose. Various types of sugar vary in sweetness (1). 

A large volume of sugar is used for alcohol production. 

A 20 m3 working volume of a bioreactor is used for producting penicillin. What would be the sugar concentration (S0) you choose if oxygen transfer rate is not the limiting reactant Given data ... 

There is also a fourth division of Beilstein (systems 4721 -4877) that covers natural products of uncertain structure rubbers, sugars, and so on. These are treated in vols. 30 and 31, which do not go beyond 1935 and which are covered in the collective indexes. These volumes will not be updated. All such compounds are now included in the regular Beilstein volumes. 

Chromatographic characterisation of hydrolysis products Hydrolysis products from sodium polypectate were analysed by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G-60, using ethyl acetate / acetic acid / formic acid / water (9 3 1 4, by volume) as the mobile phase system. Sugars were detected with 0,2% orcinol in sulphuric add-methanol (10 90ml) [14]. 

Growth can be defined as the production of organic matter by increase in size or volume. This process involves the uptake of water, carbon dioxide and minerals. In plants, growth is made possible by the process of photosynthesis, which produces the sugars (as primary components) from which compounds such as starch, cellulose, amino acids and proteins are derived. 

After cooling to room temperature, the sugar-dendrimer derivative may be precipitated with a large volume of methanol. The precipitate may be purified from reaction products by dialysis against water or buffer using a membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 3500 Daltons. The final product may be stored frozen or lyophilized to a white powder. 

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