Successes among

The assumption that the probability of simultaneous occurrence of two particles, of velocities vt and v2 in a differential space volume around r, is equal to the product of the probabilities of their occurrence individually in this volume, is known as the assumption of molecular chaos. In a dense gas, there would be collisions in rapid succession among particles in any small region of the gas the velocity of any one particle would be expected to become closely related to the velocity of its neighboring particles. These effects of correlation are assumed to be absent in the derivation of the Boltzmann equation since mean free paths in a rarefied gas are of the order of 10 5 cm, particles that interact in a collision have come from quite different regions of gas, and would be expected not to interact again with each other over a time involving many collisions. 

Ellis, L. (1995) Dominance and reproductive success among nonhuman animals a cross-species comparison. Ethol. Sociobiol. 16, 257-333. 

When Dirac completed work on his theory in 1928, it was a notable success. Among other things, it explained electron spin, which turned out to be a relativistic effect, rather than something analogous to the spin of a macroscopic object like a top. But the theory also made what seemed to be a very strange prediction. If Dirac s theory was correct, then there had to exist particles that had properties like the electron, but that carried a positive rather than a negative charge. At the time, such particles, called positrons, had never been observed. 

Many such techniques have been developed and used. Low-Energy Electron Diffraction, in which electrons are elastically scattered off a surface, has been the most successful among those for surface crystallography. Inelastically scattered electrons also... 

The succession of many transition events has created the illusion of succession among species for Darwinians but denied them the intermediates that are required to prove the point. These gaps in turn provide the most powerful evidence for the concept of polyphyletic evolution. The equation of state for the Genomic Potential Hypothesis-type transition is literally pressed into the layers of the Cambrian stones for everybody to see. The time frame of deposit rules out interspecies conversion but rather points to many phase transitions, one for each debutante at the threshold of metazoan life. 

Copolymers of VDF and HFP, completely amorphous polymers, are obtained when the amount of HFP is higher than 19 to 20% on the molar base.6 The elastomeric region of terpolymers based on VDF/HFP/TFE is defined by the monomer ratios. Commercially, VDF-based fluorocarbon elastomers have been, and still are, the most successful among fluoroelastomers.7 The chemistry involved in the preparation of fluorocarbon elastomers is discussed in some detail in Chapter 2. 

Watt, W.B., P.A. Carter, and S.M. Blower (1985). Adaptation at specific loci. IV. Differential mating success among glycolytic allozymc genotypes of Colias butterflies. Genetics 109 157-175. 

The sp -sp bond formation between alkyl derivatives has been much less successful among the possible combinations of different-type nucleophiles and electrophiles (Scheme 24). The difficulties arise from the slow oxidative addition... 

The ESI and APCI are both soft ionization techniques, hence the spectra obtained using these methods are usually very simple and consist predominantly of the pseudomolecular ion. When more information is required, tandem mass spectrometry is a popular option. Several different types of tandem LC/MS systems can be found, with triple quadrupole and ion trap being the most popular choices. Hybrid systems including magnetic sector-quadmpole, magnetic sector-TOF, quadrupole-TOF (Q-TOF) and ion trap-TOF have been described. The most successful among these hybrids is the Q-TOF instrument. 

I am convinced that this volume will meet with great success among the numerous readers of this series. 

I am confident that it will meet with the same success among readers as previous volumes published in this series. 

Sexual selection acts on differences in mating success among males, but only when the measure of mating success includes mates that actually bear progeny sired by the inseminating male. In many animal species, insemination success is not always correlated with fertilization success. 

---