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Substitution reaction of alkanes

The product of substitution reactions of alkanes with the halogens is typically a complex mixture of haloalkanes (halogenated alkanes). One way to limit the production of the more highly substituted alkanes is to use a large excess of the alkane then most reactions take place with the original hydrocarbon rather than with any haloalkanes produced in the reaction. [Pg.858]

The economies of the highly industrialized nations of the world are based in large part on energy and chemicals produced from petroleum. Although the most important and versatile intermediates for conversion of petroleum to chemicals are compounds with double or triple bonds, it also is possible to prepare many valuable substances by substitution reactions of alkanes. In such substitutions, a hydrogen is removed from a carbon chain and another atom or group of atoms becomes attached in its place. [Pg.81]

Cycloalkanes that have more than five carbon atoms undergo substitution reactions. In the substitution reactions of alkanes there can be more than one product, but in cycloalkanes, there can only be a single product. [Pg.43]

Chapter 13 discusses the substitution reactions of alkanes— hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. In previous chapters, we have seen that when a compound reacts, the weakest bond in the molecule breaks first. Alkanes, however, have only strong bonds. Therefore, conditions vigorous enough to generate radicals are required for alkanes to react. Chapter 13 also looks at radical substitution reactions and radical addition reactions of alkenes. The chapter concludes with a discussion of some radical reactions that occur in the biological world. [Pg.401]

Olah, G. A. Germain, A. Lin, H. C. Forsyth, D. Electrophilic reactions at Single Bonds. XVIII.1 Indication of Protosolvated de facto Substituting Agents in the Reactions of Alkanes with Acetylium and Nitronium Ions in Superacidic Media. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 2928-2929. [Pg.170]

I 5 Anodic Reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Aromatic Compounds Tab. 14 Anodic side chain substitution... [Pg.160]

Initially, we will be concerned with the physical properties of alkanes and how these properties can be correlated by the important concept of homology. This will be followed by a brief survey of the occurrence and uses of hydrocarbons, with special reference to the petroleum industry. Chemical reactions of alkanes then will be discussed, with special emphasis on combustion and substitution reactions. These reactions are employed to illustrate how we can predict and use energy changes — particularly AH, the heat evolved or absorbed by a reacting system, which often can be estimated from bond energies. Then we consider some of the problems involved in predicting reaction rates in the context of a specific reaction, the chlorination of methane. The example is complex, but it has the virtue that we are able to break the overall reaction into quite simple steps. [Pg.69]

The reaction of alkanes with halogens, in the presence of heat or light, to give products with halogen atoms substituted for hydrogen atoms, (p. 100)... [Pg.127]

Most alkenes contain not only the carbon-carbon double bond but also alkyl groups, which have essentially the alkane structure. Besides the addition reactions characteristic of the carbon-carbon double bond, therefore, alkenes may undergo the free-radical substitution characteristic of alkanes. The most important of these addition and substitution reactions are summarized below, and will be discussed in detail in following sections. [Pg.178]

Bromine is an electrophile which will undergo an addition reaction with alkenes in the dark. The lack of a reaction in the dark with Br2 indicates that the molecule is not an alkene. In the presence of light, bromine will undergo a substitution reaction with alkanes. Therefore, the molecule is most likely an alkane and the only alkane with the molecular formula C3H6 is cyclopropane. [Pg.778]

Carbon-carbon double bonds are reaction sites and so represent functional groups. Most addition reactions involving alkenes and alkynes proceed rapidly at room temperature. By contrast, many substitution reactions of the alkanes require catalysts and high temperatures. [Pg.1089]

However redox reactions of alkanes, in particular with oxygen and the halogens, are possible as the carbon atoms are in a strongly reduced condition in the case of methane, the lowest possible oxidation state for carbon (-4) is reached. Reaction with oxygen leads to combustion without any smoke with halogens, substitution. In addition, alkanes have been shown to interact with, and bind to, certain transition metal complexes. [Pg.38]

Alkanes are colorless, water-insoluble compounds the simplest of which have rather low boiling points and are commonly used as fuels. In combustion reactions the products are CO2 and H2O along with some CO if the amount of oxygen is insufficient. The reaction of alkanes with halogens can be controlled, resulting in the substitution of a halogen for a hydrogen without disruption of the carbon skeleton. [Pg.230]

What is the difference between a substitution reaction of an alkane that invoives a haiogen, and a haiogenation reaction of an alkene ... [Pg.720]

In this chapter, we will consider the reactions of C-H compounds, such as alkanes, arenes as well as some others, with platinum complexes containing mainly chloride ligands. The reactions of alkanes with platinum(II) complexes have been the first examples of true homogeneous activation of saturated hydrocarbons in solution. Complexes of Pt(II) exhibit both nucleophilic and electrophilic properties, they do not react with alkanes via a typical oxidative addition mechanism nor can they be regarded as typical oxidants. Due to this, it is reasonable to discuss their reactions in a special chapter which is a bridge between previous chapters (devoted to the low-valent complexes) and further sections of the book that consider mainly complexes in a high oxidation state. Chloride cortplexes of platinum(IV) are oxidants and electrophiles and they will constitute the first subjects in our discussion of processes of electrophilic substitution in arenes and alkanes as well as their oxidation. [Pg.259]

Solution N-propylbenzene is a compound made up of aromatic and alkane units. Hence, it belongs in the category of alkylbenzenes, which, in turn, are part of the group of compounds known as arenes (compounds that contain both aliphatic and aromatic units). Such compounds show two sets of chemical properties. The ring undergoes the electrophilic substitution characteristic of benzene, whereas the side chain undergoes the free-radical substitution characteristic of alkanes. Each should modify the other. Except for oxidation and hydrogenation these are the reactions to be expected for arenes. [Pg.383]


See other pages where Substitution reaction of alkanes is mentioned: [Pg.32]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.32]    [Pg.1007]    [Pg.216]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.37]    [Pg.316]    [Pg.137]    [Pg.336]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.8]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.867]    [Pg.867]    [Pg.541]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.305]    [Pg.716]    [Pg.156]    [Pg.18]    [Pg.98]    [Pg.258]    [Pg.222]    [Pg.554]    [Pg.326]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1012 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1021 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1007 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.969 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.1003 ]




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Alkane substitution

Alkanes reactions

Nucleophilic Substitution Hydrolytic Reactions of Halogenated Alkanes and Alkanoates

Reaction alkane substitution

Substituted alkanes

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