Substances, acidic pungent

Paprika can be extracted to recover carotenoids, not only with CO2 but also with other gases. For example, by using ethane or ethylene, better results were obtained for the yield, extraction time, and quality of product. The solubilities of carotenoids are better in these gases, which is why the consumption of solvent and the extraction time were reduced. Practically water-free dye-concentrate was recovered by supercritical fluid ethane (under the conditions extraction 250 bar, 45°C separation 46 bar, 45 °C). The separation of pungent substances (capsaicinoids, free fatty acids) from the pigments can be carried out effectively in a continuous, counter-current extraction column with a large number of theoretical plates. 

Synonyms and trade names acetic aldehyde, aldehyde, ethanol, ethylaldehyde Use and exposure Acetaldehyde is a highly flammable, volatile, colorless liquid with a characteristic and pungent odor. It is miscible in water. Exposure to acetaldehyde occurs during the production of acetic acid and various other industrial chemical substances—for instance, manufacture of drugs, dyes, explosives, disinfectants, phenolic and urea resins, rubber accelerators, and varnish. - - ... 

The characteristics of sulfuryl fluoride have already been described. Sulfuryl chloride fluoride is a gas with a pungent odor resembling that of sulfuryl chloride. It has a melting point of —124.7°, a boiling point of 7.1°, and at 0° a density of 1.623 g./ml. Water and bases cause the substance to hydrolyze rapidly to fluorosulfuric acid and fluorosulfates. 

Acetyl azide has been prepared only in solution ". Propionyl azide is a colourless liquid of pungent odour, the inhalation of which causes severe headaches. Higher fatty acid azides have been obtained by distillation at 0° and 0-5 mm Hg and their infrared spectra measured neat (Table 1). rv-Hexanoyl azxde shows i.r. bands at 2130 and 1720 cm in cyclohexane solution. A number of more complex alkanoyl azides have also been prepared in solution while the azide of tetra-acetyl-D-arabonic acid was isolated crystalline (m.p. 105-6° dec.) ". An example of a more exotic acyl azide is 2,3-diphenyl-cycloprop-2-ene-1-carbonyl azide . The diazide of oxalic acid was isolated crystalline (from CCI4) but exploded when touched with a spatula . Succinamoyl azidea crystalline substance with a decomposition point of 70-80°, undergoes slow Curtius rearrangement already at room temperature, just as the azides of monocarboxylic acids do. 

Phenol has a low melting point, it crystallizes in colourless prisms and has a characteristic, slightly pungent odor. In the molten state, it is a clear, colourless, mobile liquid. In the temperature range T < 68.4 °C, its miscibility with water is limited above this temperature it is completely miscible. The melting and sohdification points of phenol are quite substantially lowered by water. A mixture of phenol and ca 10% water is called phenolum liquefactum, because it is actually a liquid at room temperature. Phenol is readily soluble in most organic solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, ethers, acids, halo-genated hydrocarbons etc.) and somewhat less soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons. Phenol forms azeotropic mixtures with water and other substances. 

Hydrazoic acid—Azoimid— NsH—is a substance recently obtained from benzoyl-diazoimid, which, although containing the same elements as ammonia, is distinctly acid in character. It is a, colorless liquid, boiling at 37°, having a very pungent and unpleasant odor. It is extremely unstable and explodes with great violence. It reacts with metals, oxids, and hydroxids, as does hydrochloric acid, to form nitrids, which like the free acid are very explosive. 

Methyl-protocatechuic aldehyde—Vanillin— CbH s(OH)(OCHs> COH—is the odoriferous, principle of vanilla. It is produced artificially by oxidation of ooniferin, CigHi,Oe, a glucosid occurring in coniferous plants. It crystallizes in needles, fuses at 80 (170° F.) is sparingly soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol or ether. It has a pungent taste, and a faint odor of vanilla, the latter more marked, when the substance is heated. On exposure to air it becomes partially oxidized to vanillic acid CsHsO<. 

Acrylic acid is a liquid which has a pungent odor resembling somewhat that of acetic acid. It is miscible with water in all proportions, melts at 8°, boils at 140°, and has the specific gravity 1.062 at It is a stronger acid than acetic acid and forms well characterized salts and esters. The fact that it contains a double bond is shown by its behavior with other substances. It can be reduced to propionic acid by nascent hydrogen —... 

Carbon suboxide is a gas, which possesses a pungent odor and can be condensed to a liquid which boils at —7°. It polymerizes on standing to a dark red amorphous substance. It is converted rapidly by water into malonic acid. 

Real-World Reading Link You might not realize it, but acids and bases are two of the most common classifications of substances. You can recognize them by the tart taste of some of your favorite beverages and by the pungent odor of ammonia in some household cleaners. 

The dichloride crystallises in shining needles or plates, M.pt. 62° C., B.pt. 290° C., readily soluble in alcohols, benzene, ether or hght petroleum. It causes painful wounds on the skin and has a pungent irritating odour when warm. Wlien the dry substance is heated on the water-bath, antimony trichloride is eliminated and diphenyl-chlorostibine produced. An alcoholic ammonia solution of the di-chloride when saturated with hydrogen sulphide and acidified with hydrochloric acid yields phenylstibinous sulphide. ... 

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