Submerged membranes standardization

Standardization Unlike the high-pressure processes that use spiral-wound modules as a standard, the low-pressure systems are not standardized. The benefit of standardization comes at membrane replacement time when alternative suppliers can be used. However, in the contained hoUow-fiber market, there is some attempt to use standard pressure vessels, and in the submerged membrane market it would be feasible (but possibly difficult) to retrofit an alternative design. 

As mentioned above there is no standardization in submerged membranes, and there are many commercial suppliers. For example, Judd (2006) describes 12 different MBRs using submerged membranes. The majority of submerged membranes are either hollow fibers (HF) or flat sheets (FS), as depicted in Figure 10.3. This seetion gives a brief description of the different submerged membrane eoneepts. 

The submerged MBR system is a small-footprint, single-process unit that can achieve a high-quality standard with low solids production. The membrane systems typically utilize either micro- or ultramembranes configured as hollow fibers, flat sheets, or tubes depending upon the manufacturer. Experience over the past decade has proved MBRs to be reliable and cost-effective for high-quality effluent applications, and relatively easy to maintain and operate. The key parameters for MBR... 

This paper reports on a laboratory study to evaluate the capability of bio-contact oxidation to treat oil field wastewater. Aerobic, up flow, submerged biofilm are used to degrade oil with low N and P compoimds imder low COD load and high salinity condition. The influent and effluent streams were sampled, and then analyzed to indicate the percentage removed of oil and COD concentration. The effeets of three hio-eontact oxidation systems with different microorganisms were compared. Finally, a prototype hio-treatment is proposed for oil field wastewater pre-treatment to meet the standards required hy desalination membrane equipment. 

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