Subject void structure

Tree formation n. The generation of a treelike void structure in a transparent plastic by electron bombardment at a point on the surface. The effect in acrylic blocks is dramatically decorative. Similar breakdown structures form in dielectrics subjected to strong electric fields, eventually penetrating the dielectric and causing a short circuit. Ku CC, Liepins R (1987) Electrical properties of polymers. Hanser Publishers, New York. Seanor DA (1982) Electrical conduction in polymers. Academic Press, New York. 

The Waters system uses a plastic cartridge which is inserted into a device (the Z-module) that subjects the column to radial compression, ie pressure is applied along the radial axis of the column tube. The flexible wall of the column then moulds itself into the voids that are present in the wall regions of the column. This method is claimed to produce an improvement in the packed bed structure, better column performance and longer useful column life. 

It has been established that under intense milling in a planetary mill in a nitrogen atmosphere, titanium hydride may decompose with formation of defected structure characterized by partly non-occupied tetrahedron voids in a face-centered cubic sublattice of titanium atoms. This effect is accompanied by decrease in the crystal lattice parameter of titanium hydride subjected to intense milling for 60 min. 

With the invention of newer methods of investigation, detailed examinations of fully hydrated biofilms, where water flows across the surface of the biofilm, could be made. The results of the observations revealed a heterogeneous structure consisting of cell clusters separated by interstitial voids and channels.Realtime video imaging of biofilms growing on surfaces subject to fast flowing water revealed the presence of... 

Treatment with Vapors of the Inorganic Precursor. The density of the inorganic walls can be increased postsynthesis by subjecting the material to an environment saturated with the vapors of the inorganic precursor. The vapors infiltrate into the wall of the structure, and fill any defects and microporous voids in the framework, which would otherwise lead to the collapse of the structure on template removal. The denser walls that result from the vapor treatment have much higher structural strength than those of untreated materials. 

The structural capsules start to be formed in films subjected to deformation in liquids until some tension threshold. Microcracks and microvoids appear and are filled with the inhibiting liquid under tensile stresses exceeding the polymer flow limit. Capillary channels connecting these voids with the process liquid and with each other start to merge or open in the course of structural transformations but do not disappear fully. The liquid may move over the network of the formed channels beyond the polymer matrix limits or concentrate in some voids able under certain conditions to enlarge the manifold. Thermal treatment of the deformed film intensifies the relaxation processes in the polymer matrix, the film shrinks in the tension direction and the capillaries between voids link up densely, thus insulating liquid particles from each other. If the film is treated in the extended state, a more complex mechanism of microcapsule formation is realized [4]. Cl liberation from microcapsules is related to their ability to break spontaneously under residual... 

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