Subject titanates

The classic account of the sinking of the Titanic. A stunning book, incomparably the best on its subject and one of the most exciting books of this or any year - The New York Times... 

High purity tetraalkyl titanates can be obtained by a process whereby the Hquid organic titanate esters are subjected to partial hydrolysis to form a sohd that can be separated from the reaction mass. The remaining Hquid is distilled to give a high purity product (4). For example, tetraisopropyl titanate purified in this manner contains ... 

The loss of the Titanic in 1912 has been the subject of many books. The loss of another luxury ship, the Ville du Havre, off the Newfoundland coast in 1873, as the result of a collision, is less well known. The lifeboats were difficult to detach, as the ship was newly painted and everything was stuck fast many could not be detached in time. The life preservers, along the sides of the deck, w ere also stuck fast. Fifty-seven people were rescued, but 226 drowned. On chemical plants, painters have been known to paint everything in sight [12j. 

ESR spectra were recorded on a JEOL JES-RE2X spectrometer. About 250 mg of ruthenium-free titanate samples was subjected to heat treatment either in vacuum at 573 K or in a hydrogen atmosphere at 973 K. For measurements of ESR spectra, 30 Torr of O2 or N2O was introduced at room temperature and then cooled to 77 K without evacuation. The spectra were obtained in the dark and under UV irradiation with a 500 W low pressure mercury lamp. 

Barium titanate is made by sintering a finely powdered mixture of barium carbonate and titanium dioxide in a furnace at 1,350°C. The calcined mass is finely ground and mixed with a binder (plastic). The mixture is subjected to extrusion, pressing or film casting to obtain ceramic bodies of desired shapes. Plastic is burnt off by heating and the shaped body is sintered by firing and then pobshed. 

Aminoguanidi ne ond Derivatives, Analytical Procedures. Some info on this subject may be found in the following papers 1)R.P. Zimmerman E.Lieber, AnalChem 22,1151— 5(1950) (21 refs) CA 45,499(1951) (Behavior of some compds contg-NH - NO, groups, such as NAGu, in attempts to reduce them with titanous chloride) 2)R.A.Henry et al,... 

The number of course programmes is directly proportional to the demand made by trade and industry. Many factors have been of influence on this instruction, among others the Gibbs phase rule (see the chapter on Phase rule), X-ray diffraction to clarify the structure of solids and the development of synthetic barium titanate and other ceramic materials whose properties could be influenced by controlling composition and process conditions. As early as 1900 it became clear that the study of ceramics required much knowledge of other subjects, as appears from the Ohio State University s course programme of that year. 

The main part of the converter is a lead zirconate titanate electrostrictive element that expands and contracts when subjected to alternating voltage (Portiansky and Gimeno, 1996). The converter vibrates in a longitudinal direction and conveys this motion to the hom tip immersed in the solution, resulting in the implosion of microscopic cavities in the solution. The implosion causes the molecules in the solution to become exceedingly agitated. This phenomenon is explained below. 

Many discussions of life on Titan have considered the possibility that water, normally frozen at the ambient temperature, might remain liquid following heating by impacts.22 Life in this aqueous environment would be subject to the same constraints and opportunities as life in water. Water droplets in hydrocarbon solvents are, in addition, convenient cellular compartments for evolution, as Tawfik and Griffiths have shown in the laboratory.23 An emulsion of water droplets in oil is obtainable by simple shaking. This could easily be a model for how life on Titan achieves the isolation necessary for Darwinian evolution, and it provides an interesting alternative for membranes, discussed in earlier chapters as a common feature of terran life. 

Because of its reactivity, water destroys hydrolytically unstable organic species. Thus, a hypothetical form of life in a Titan hydrocarbon ocean would be less subject to the hydrolytic deamination of its nucleobases, and would be able to guide reactivity more easily than life in water. 

Violators of the Refuse Act were subject to a fine of not more titan 2,500 and/or imprisonment for not more than one year. Althougli not drafted to curb oil pollution, the Refuse Act has been w idcly used to prosecute those who discharge oil into navigable waters. 

Layered compounds provide unique character for electron-transfer processes owing to their low dimensionality. Especially layered materials with ion-exchange and/or intercalation capabilities show behavior that is not seen in so-called bulk-type materials. Layered materials, which have been often used in studies of photoelectron transfer as well as photocatalysis, may be classified into two groups compounds in which the host layers work as an active component for the photoexcitation and electron-transfer reactions, and materials in which the layers are inert for electron-transfer processes. Examples of the former are layered titanates and niobates and of the latter are clays. In the latter case, photoactive materials are intercalated in the interlayer spaces. Recently, the exfoliation of various layered compounds has become possible and artificial assemblies consisting of these exfoliated sheets have been formed. Electron transfer in such assemblies is also an attractive subject in this field. 

Borucki et al. [Ill] predicted shock effects of lightning in Titan s atmosphere. Jones and Lewis [112] calculated tlie equilibrium composition of a Titan gas mixture subjected to shock heating and rapid quenching, witli the shock energy derived from tlie influx of meteoritic and cometary debris. This process is responsible for their conversion of the primordial NH3 to the observed N2-rich atmosphere and organic layer on Titan. 

As the Tis-0 radical is, at the same time, the precursor to the long-lived peroxo-titanate species (cf. reactions (24) and (27)), reaction (46) accounts also for the photoluminescence at 840 nm observed by Nakato et al. for the Ti02 electrode irradiated with near-UV light and subjected to moderate anodic bias. 

To practice searching for and choosing source material, find three recent works on your essay topic available in your library. If you don t have an essay topic yet, pick a subject that interests you, one that is likely to appear in both print and electronic sources (Baseball Hall of Fame, stamp collecting, the Titanic disaster, king cobras, etc.). If possible, try to find three different kinds of sources, such as a book, a journal article, and a Web site. After you have recorded bibliographic information for each source, locate and evaluate the works. Does each of these sources provide relevant, reliable information In a few sentences explain why you believe each one would or would not be an appropriate source for your research essay. 

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