Subject practical implications

The potentiostat is particularly useful in determining the behaviour of metals that show active-passive transition. Knowledge of the nature of passivity and the probable mechanisms involved has accumulated more rapidly since the introduction of the potentiostatic technique. Perhaps of more importance for the subject at hand are the practical implications of this method. We now have a tool which allows an operational definition of passivity and a means of determining the tendency of metals to become passive and resist corrosion under various conditions. 

Combustion features a wide range of instabilities, which have received considerable attention in recent years. The subject is of fundamental interest and it also has many practical implications. Combustion instability... 

Since a series of several stimuli are usually presented to subjects in psychophysical studies, the opportunity arises to study effects of sequential stimulation. These effects can have practical implications such as the number of stimuli which may be sampled in applied sensory evaluation without fatigue. During the time-intensity ratings Which produced the data in Figures 2 and 3, stimuli were presented in different orders, with the first and third concentrations in the series of each compound presented either before or after the stimulus of next higher concentration. 

The mode of action of pesticides is extremely fascinating because the subject covers so many fields of biology and chemistry and has many practical implications. 

In Sections 3.1 and 3.2 the effect of size on IR spectra was discussed solely in the context of ultrathin Aims with plane-parallel boundaries. However, this size effect can be seen for all particles whose size is small relative to the wavelength and can lead to additional, abnormal absorption by both the particles and ultrathin Aims coating such particles. This phenomenon is well known for metals and causes metallic ultrathin films to have different colors than bulk metals. In 1857, Faraday proposed that such a color transformation is associated with the intrinsic aggregating nature of metallic films. His hypothesis has since been confirmed and understood based on Maxwell electrodynamics, and these effects have subsequently been found in the IR range for metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors. Moreover, it has been established that the particle shape also affects the IR spectrum of an ultrathin film in the closest vicinity of a system of particles that are small compared to the wavelength of irradiation. The abnormal absorption of inhomogeneous films remains the subject of intense theoretical investigations, due to the wide practical implications. However, the purpose of this section is not to review this theory in depth but rather to concentrate on the practical aspects of... 

Polymer melt devolatilisation has been the subject of extensive theoretical analysis [19], resulting in important practical implications for the preparation of filled polymer composites, with optimum particle wet-out and freedom from volatile matter. 

This paper reviews recent advances on computational aspects of molecular diversity, with particular emphasis on methodology and applications. There are probably as many different definitions of diversity as the number of researchers who are active in the field, and it is our belief that theoretically the subject borders on religion. However, many of the concepts described herein are now routinely employed in combinatorial library design, and the choice of methods has definitive and measurable practical implications. The article is divided into three main sections that address issues... 

The first line went into production with the preliminary aim of training personnel and, in doing so, producing featured blocks to accurate dimensions. By the end of June, two lines had been conunissioned and a satisfactory rate of machining had been achieved, just as scientists at Harwell discovered a phenomenon known as the Wigner effect, where blocks of graphite expanded in size as they were subjected to more and more neutron bombardment. This had been already observed in American reactors, and the practical implication was that the Windscale lattices as currently... 

The influence of electrical charges on surfaces is very important to their physical chemistry. The Coulombic interaction between charged colloids is responsible for a myriad of behaviors from the formation of opals to the stability of biological cells. Although this is a broad subject involving both practical application and fundamental physics and chemistry, we must limit our discussion to those areas having direct implications for surface science. 

Implications for Research. A new pedagogy should include science-and-technology studies, in which researchers look at science as a social enterprise. The subject matter of a reformed science education would include the interaction of science and the society in which it is practiced-for example, how society influences scientists in choosing problems to investigate (see Lederman, 2004). 

The rapid development of carborane chemistry is mainly due to their practical applications. For instance, the potential utility of carborane polymers as gaskets, O-rings, and electrical connector inserts has been reported. Their functionality for solvent extraction of radionuchdes as well as the potential medicinal value of the isoelectronic and isostructural boron analogues of biologically important molecules has been the subject of many review articles. For example, a number of boron compounds have been found to possess anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity in animal model studies. Boron compounds have also been implicated in studies designed to probe the importance of the so-called anionic subsite of acetylcholine esterase and Ach receptors. But, by far the most interesting practical apphcations of carboranes are in areas of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and supramolecular assembly. 

---