Color transform

This color transformation has been observed in dibenzo-p-dioxin (Structure I) and in its bromo, chloro, nitro, methyl, and ethyl derivatives in addition, the observed electron spin resonance (ESR) signals indicated the presence of paramagnetic species (2, 3). This phenomenon has been attributed to the formation of cation radicals in acid solution. 

Figure 5.11 Encoding and decoding of the luminance signal. A gamma correction has to be applied to undo the nonlinearity of the display device. A simplified decoder results if the power functions are swapped with the application of the color transform.

Huxley brought to bear a great deal of erudition in art, philosophy, mysticism, history and psychology. There is probably no better discussion of color transformation and the psychedelics ability to transport the user to what Huxley called "the Other World than in the book he published in 1955 entitled Heaven and Hell. 

A 0.1% aqueous stock solution should be used, 1-3 drops being needed per 10 c.c. The color transformation is from yellow to orange-brown in the interval 11.0-13.0. The color change is not, however, very marked. 

The chromophore theory originated with Bernthsen and Friedlander, who proposed, simultaneously and independently, that the colorless form of phenolphthalein present in acid solutions possessed a lactone structure, and that the red salt formed by alkalis contained a chromophore quinone group. Hence the color transformation was accompanied by a change in constitution. Later, Hantzsch and his students extended the theory, and ascertained that unless a structural change occurred, the color remained the same. They stated, however, that in many cases the demonstration of a structural change was too difficult to be decisive. 

The phthaleins. The equilibrium conditions for the phthaleins are extremely complex. Taking phenolphthalein as typical of the group, the following reversible changes must be considered in any quantitative interpretation of the color transformation... 

The color transformation of the sulfonephthaleins in strongly acid media is attributable to the formation of a cation involving the quinoid group see, however, Lund (l.c.)j... 

In Sections 3.1 and 3.2 the effect of size on IR spectra was discussed solely in the context of ultrathin Aims with plane-parallel boundaries. However, this size effect can be seen for all particles whose size is small relative to the wavelength and can lead to additional, abnormal absorption by both the particles and ultrathin Aims coating such particles. This phenomenon is well known for metals and causes metallic ultrathin films to have different colors than bulk metals. In 1857, Faraday proposed that such a color transformation is associated with the intrinsic aggregating nature of metallic films. His hypothesis has since been confirmed and understood based on Maxwell electrodynamics, and these effects have subsequently been found in the IR range for metals, dielectrics, and semiconductors. Moreover, it has been established that the particle shape also affects the IR spectrum of an ultrathin film in the closest vicinity of a system of particles that are small compared to the wavelength of irradiation. The abnormal absorption of inhomogeneous films remains the subject of intense theoretical investigations, due to the wide practical implications. However, the purpose of this section is not to review this theory in depth but rather to concentrate on the practical aspects of... 

Powerful synergism is achieved, for example, in the melt and thermal stabilisation of PP by using combinations of hindered phenols (CB-D) and phosphites and/or phosphonites (PD) and sulfur compounds (PD) in fact phosph(on)ites are seldom used alone. The latter enhance the melt stabilizing effect of hindered phenols (Table 1) and reduce discoloration of the polymer caused by phenol transformation products. The cooperative effect of hindered phenols (PhOH) and phosphites (P) occurs through two steps, whereby phenols scavenge alkylperoxyl radicals and phosphites decompose peroxides in a nonradical reaction which leads to enhanced melt stability of the polymer (Figure 7). Further interaction between the colored transformation products of phenol and the phosphite antioxidant, or its product(s), results in noncolored products, hence... 

In this study, color measurement (delta E) has been chosen as the method to evaluate extent of scorch. This method of evaluation should be carefully considered as color development can result from several very different sources. Actual degradation of the PUR foam is the primary concern and probably contributes the majority of measured discoloration. Discoloration can also result from the highly colored transformation products of phenolic antioxidants. Discoloration from BHT transformation to quinones has been widely studied. 

The color lookup table implements 3 look-up tables with 256 x 10 bit entries each. These can be used for different kinds of applications. For non-linear color transformations (called gamma correction), the color components R, G and B are processed independendy. The input code is used as a table index and the table entry as a 10-bit output color code. The alpha value inputs are by-passed (unchanged) through the color lookup table. The second application is to use the table as an indirect color palette (lookup index). To implement reduced memory bandwidth, the index is interpreted to a 10-bit color in the palette. 

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