Struggle for existence

In other words, the molecules are dissociated. The dissociation of the gas is only partial, because the faster-moving molecules break down first. There is a kind of struggle for existence the slower-moving molecules are the fittest to survive. It is, however, still possible for the atoms of hydrogen and oxygen to unite each to each forming elementary molecules H2 and 02 but if a still higher temp, be applied, even these combinations become unstable, and the two-atom molecules dissociate into one-atom molecules, for the atoms themselves then become mutually independent free-rovers. 

Ga] G. F. Gause (1934), The Struggle for Existence. Baltimore Williams and Wilkens. 

Germans, more often than Americans, subscribed to a kind of technological militarism. They saw innovation as a weapon, a tool of national survival and supremacy. Carl Engler, rector of the Technical University in Karlsruhe and Fritz Haber s most powerful mentor, put it this way in a speech in 1899 No nation can withdraw from economic competition, the pursuit of technology and advancement of industry, without putting its very existence at risk.. . . [T]he struggle for existence—the fate of the nation—is decided not just on bloody battlefields, but also in the field of industrial production and economic expansion. ... 

As representatives of German science and arts, we hereby protest to the civilized world against the lies and slander with which our enemies are endeavoring to stain the honor of Germany in her hard struggle for existence—a struggle that has been forced upon her.. . . ... 

We tend not to link spiritual problems with disease, but clearly they, too, are related to depression. People who have no connection to a higher power, a life of the spirit, or a deeper purpose to life than the daily struggle for existence may be more likely than others to fall into... 

Vernadsky emphasised that he approaches the principle of struggle for existence statistically. Thus, on this level, the directedness of evolution is seen by Vernadsky statistically. Kolchinsky (1989, p. 66) remarks that Vernadsky was alien to the conceptions of a strictly (pre-)determined evolution. At the same time, a statistical approach does not exhaust Vernadsky s notion of directedness. Vernadsky (1991, pp. 24, 53) clearly connects the directedness of evolution with the peculiar spatial-temporal features of living matter, i.e. with dissynunetry (for details see 2.1.). The spatial-temporal peculiarity of living matter guarantees the irreversibility of the evolutionary process. Vernadsky also wrote many times about the lawful character of the evolution of the biosphere. It was important for Vernadsky (1997, p. 31) to show that the transition of the biosphere into the noosphere (see below) is a lawful process which has will develop from the whole history of the biosphere ... 

The struggle for existence continues at whole body, cellular, and molecular levels. Plant and animal species survive hy producing the most offspring. Plants launch thousands of seeds. Some have stickers that attach themselves to the feet and legs of passing animals, making it possible for them to survive and reproduce. 

Norris Bradbury, the vigorous Berkeley-trained Navy physicist who had organized the assembly of the Trinity bomb, was replacing Oppenheimer as director. In the months immediately following the war, Bradbury recalled in 1948, the Laboratory struggled for existence and there is no better way to put it ... 

Evolutionary thinking is impossible when variation is ignored it was Darwin s genius to show that linking inherited variation to a struggle for existence leads to natural selection. Ospovat (1981) has pointed out the pre-1859 assumption of a perfect adaptation of organisms to their environment led to a... 

Huxley, Thomas Henry (1825-1895), educational reformer and biologist. A champion of Darwin s theory of evolution. His view of nature as an unending struggle for existence led him to posit a conflict between the ends of nature and those of morality. Man is a product of evolution but... 

We must now mention one further observation that can be made repeatedly in arid regions. If the seeds of annuals have just germinated and the external conditions are not radically unfavorable, then all plants develop and grow. It is the more remarkable in that sometimes they grow very close together. When that happens the individual plants are smaller, they form fewer blossoms and seeds but they do not crowd each other out. Similar observations can also be made in a not too thickly sown field of corn. The struggle for existence and the process of selection associated with it is in these instances concentrated in the process of germination. 

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