Structures self-organized

As it is known [71], synergetics studies universal rules of spatial structures self-organization in dynamic systems of different nature. This discipline is based on physical essence of systems adaptation process to external influence by way of structures self-organization and is a universal one for animate and inanimate nature systems. Adaptation is the process of structure reforming, lost stability, with new more stable stracture self-organization. Fractal (multifractal) structures are formed in reformation process, which is impossible to describe correctly within the frameworks of Euclidean geometry [71]. 

Balankin, A. S. Ivanova, V. S. Kolesnikov, A. A. Savitskaya, E. E. Fractal kinetics of dissipative structures self-organization in mechanical alloying process in attritors. Letters in Journal of Technical Physics, 1991,17 (14), 27-30. 

In biological dissipative structures, self-organization may be related to the attractors in the phase space, which correspond to ordered motions of the involved biological elements (Da la Funte, 1999). When the system is far from equilibrium, ordering in time or spontaneous rhythmic behavior may occur. The Lotka-Volterra model of the predator-prey interactions is a simple example of the rhythmic behavior. The interactions are described by the following kinetics... 

The native conformation is assumed to be the result of a structural self-organization process which starts in various regions of the chain independently and simultaneously. The idea behind this mechanism is the initiation of protein folding by developing local, fluctuating secondary structures as a consequence of short-range interactions... 

Anderson P Wand Stein D 1987 Broken symmetry, emergent properties, dissipative structures, life Self-Organizing Systems ed F E Yates (New York Plenum) pp 445-57... 

An observation of the results of cross-validation revealed that all but one of the compounds in the dataset had been modeled pretty well. The last (31st) compound behaved weirdly. When we looked at its chemical structure, we saw that it was the only compound in the dataset which contained a fluorine atom. What would happen if we removed the compound from the dataset The quahty ofleaming became essentially improved. It is sufficient to say that the cross-vahdation coefficient in-CTeased from 0.82 to 0.92, while the error decreased from 0.65 to 0.44. Another learning method, the Kohonen s Self-Organizing Map, also failed to classify this 31st compound correctly. Hence, we had to conclude that the compound containing a fluorine atom was an obvious outlier of the dataset. 

A typical biomembrane consists largely of amphiphilic lipids with small hydrophilic head groups and long hydrophobic fatty acid tails. These amphiphiles are insoluble in water (<10 ° mol L ) and capable of self-organization into uitrathin bilaycr lipid membranes (BLMs). Until 1977 only natural lipids, in particular phospholipids like lecithins, were believed to form spherical and related vesicular membrane structures. Intricate interactions of the head groups were supposed to be necessary for the self-organization of several ten thousands of... 

Self-organization of polysiloxanes containing cyclic fragments into mono- and multilayer structures at interphase boundaries 99MI40. 

Chapter 8 describes a number of generalized CA models, including reversible CA, coupled-map lattices, quantum CA, reaction-diffusion models, immunologically motivated CA models, random Boolean networks, sandpile models (in the context of self-organized criticality), structurally dynamic CA (in which the temporal evolution of the value of individual sites of a lattice are dynamically linked to an evolving lattice structure), and simple CA models of combat. 

At first sight, self-organization appears to violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which asserts that the entropy S of an isolated system never decreases (or, more formally, > 0) see figure 11.2-a. Since entropy is essentially a measure of the degree of disorder in a system, the Second Law is usually interpreted to mean that an isolated system will become increasingly more disordered with time. How, then, can structure emerge after a system has had a chance to evolve ... 

Explore tradeoffs between centralized and decentralized comm and-and-control (C2) structures Are some C2 topologies more conducive to information flow and attainment of mission objectives than others What do emergent forms of a self-organized C2 topology look like ... 

Unlike the heterostructures whose periodic structure must be accurately controlled, the formation of nanocomposite structure is self-organized based upon thermodynamically driven spinodal phase segregation [118-121]. For the CVD... 

---