Structure of Tracks

By track structure is meant the distribution of energy loss events and their geometrical dispositions. Naturally, track structure becomes rather important for second-order reactions in the condensed phase. Track structure, coupled with a reaction scheme and yields of primary species, forms the basis of radiation-chemical theory. 

---

As a rule the radiation effect produced by any type of emission is a superposition of direct effects of the primary radiation and of the secondary (and even tertiary) radiation the latter induces. Consequently, if the radiation effect is mostly due to the effect produced by secondary (or tertiary) emission, the latter can be used instead of the primary radiation. As concerns the structure of tracks, such a simulation will be correct if the spatial distribution of chemically active particles in the irradiated volume remains close to the one produced by the primary source. 

To reach the control objective, we are based on the procedure of [14], we are deriving a r(t) of a specific vjt) that controls the steering system (5.1) using a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). A general structure of tracking control system is presented in the Fig. 5.3. 

However, in the case of a root cause analysis system, a much more comprehensive evaluation of the structure of the accident is required. This is necessary to unravel the often complex chain of events and contributing causes that led to the accident occurring. A number of techniques are available to describe complex accidents. Some of these, such as STEP (Sequential Timed Event Plotting) involve the use of charting methods to track the ways in which process and human events combine to give rise to accidents. CCPS (1992d) describes many of these techniques. A case study involving a hydrocarbon leak is used to illustrate the STEP technique in Chapter 7 of this book. The STEP method and related techniques will be described in Section 6.8.3. 

Ab initio methods allow the nature of active sites to be elucidated and the influence of supports or solvents on the catalytic kinetics to be predicted. Neurock and coworkers have successfully coupled theory with atomic-scale simulations and have tracked the molecular transformations that occur over different surfaces to assess their catalytic activity and selectivity [95-98]. Relevant examples are the Pt-catalyzed NO decomposition and methanol oxidation. In case of NO decomposition, density functional theory calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations substantially helped to optimize the composition of the nanocatalyst by alloying Pt with Au and creating a specific structure of the PtgAu7 particles. In catalytic methanol decomposition the elementary pathways were identified... 

A major application of data base in our laboratories is in the tracking of coatings test exposure data. The two types of exposure records currently implemented are for exterior hardboard siding coatings, and for coil coatings. While these two classes of substrates and the coatings used for them are quite different, the basic structure of the data and reporting requirements are not. 

Structure of Charged Particle Tracks in Condensed Media... 

---