Structure of flowing

Two-phase flows in micro-channels with an evaporating meniscus, which separates the liquid and vapor regions, have been considered by Khrustalev and Faghri (1996) and Peles et al. (1998, 2000). In the latter a quasi-one-dimensional model was used to analyze the thermohydrodynamic characteristics of the flow in a heated capillary, with a distinct interface. This model takes into account the multi-stage character of the process, as well as the effect of capillary, friction and gravity forces on the flow development. The theoretical and experimental studies of the steady forced flow in a micro-channel with evaporating meniscus were carried out by Peles et al. (2001). These studies revealed the effect of a number of dimensionless parameters such as the Peclet and Jacob numbers, dimensionless heat transfer flux, etc., on the velocity, temperature and pressure distributions in the liquid and vapor regions. The structure of flow in heated micro-channels is determined by a number of factors the physical properties of fluid, its velocity, heat flux on... 

Choose stream from source list to process (if list contains >1 stream, selection may be arbitrary) all streams will eventually be processed, but processing order may have effect on structure of flow sheet synthesized. 

Ishii, H., Nakajima, T., and Horio, M. The structure of flow fields in circulating fluidized beds, in Fluidized-Bed and Three-Phase Reactor (Yoshida, K., and Morooka, S., eds.), pp. 139-146. Tokyo, Japan (1988). 

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of continuous flow apparatus and structure of an enzymatically coupled FET. (a) Schematic diagram of continuous flow apparams S, enzymatically coupled FET sensor SC, sensor cell WB, water bath D, drtdnage P, peristaltic pump TV, three-way joint EV, electrical valve VC, valve controller WS, washing solution AS, analyte solution, (b) Detailed structure of flow-through cell OR, rubber O-ring. (c) Structure of enzymatically coupled FET (electrical insulation with epoxy resin is not shown here for simplicity) ISFET, ion-sensitive FET EM, enzyme membrane G, thin gold film TC, card edge connector. (Reproduced from Shiono et al. (9), with permission.)...

Fig. 22. Schematic structure of flow apparatus P, pump SC, sensor cell SL, sample loop V, valve MC, mixing coil D, deforming device B and WB, washing solution S, sample solution. (Reproduced from Nakako et al. (50), with permission.)...

The characteristic curve of extrudate flow including adherence to the walls, and hence representative of shghtly to moderately entangled polymer flow in sudden two-dimensional or axisymmetrical contractions [7, 32], is represented in Fig 2. It shows a slope discontinuity above a certain pressm-e level, which depends on the pol3uner-die pair considered. With low flow rates, the flow is stable. Indeed, for these regimes, allowing for entrance effects, the flow curve is in fact representative of the shear rheometry of the polymer imder consideration, at low shear rates [34]. The slope discontinuity of the head loss curve indicates a modification in the structure of flow. It will be seen that this corresponds to the triggering of a hydrodynamic instability upstream of the contraction. 

Ohta KM. Fuji M, Chikazawa M. Effect of geometric structure of flow promoting agents on the flow properties of pharmaceutical powder mixture. Pharm Res 2003 20(5) 804—9. Swaminathan V. Kildsig D. The effect of particle morphology on the physical stability of pharmaceutical powder mixtures The effect of surface tou ness of the carrier on the stability of ordered mixtures. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000 26(4) 365. 

Mass Transport in the Presence of Water Filtration Mass transport and distribution of indicator i in composition of ground water depends first of all on its initial concentration and on the nature of its introduction. We will review only two classical cases 1) short-time introduction of indicator at some point or limited volume in the structure of flow 2) long-time introduction of indicator through some restricted plain. At three-dimensional solution we will use the rule... 

Cylindrical turbulent devices with dj > 0.03 m are characterised by higher Bo values (Figure 2.47) than diffuser-confusor ones and therefore, exhibit better similarity of reactant flow pattern to the plug flow mode. As the structure of flows in different cylindrical devices with dj > 0.03 m is similar (Bo 50), there is no need to use large turbulent reactors for a fast chemical reaction in the quasi-plug flow mode. It does not restrict process efficiency. 

Another situation is observed for the hydrodynamic structure of flows (cooling agents) in the circular channels of tubular turbulent devices (Figure 2.55). When the flow rate is below 110 smVs, the flows in the circular channels (heat carrier) of a cylindrical and diffuser-confusor device have the same hydrodynamic mode (Bo 80), values in a diffuser-confusor device exceeding 110 sm /s, lead to a reduction of Bo values due to the effect of the longitudinal mixing intensification, and an approach to the perfect mixing mode in a cylindrical channel. 

The problem of dynamic strength of a liquid was considered in a number of works, where pulse methods [l-6] were used. The amplitude of maximum tensile stresses achieved in liquid depends, as it shown in [2,3], on the parameters of rarefaction wave (RW) and on the parameters of initial gas-containing of liquid. The fast growth of cavitation nuclei in RW leading to the relaxation of tensile stresses in liquid in a time of order of 10 s [2-4]. Further two ways of the cavitation process development are possible (i) the bubble damped oscillations occur and (ii) the irreversible development of cavitation zone take place [5,6], which leads to the formation of fosuning structure and the liquid fracture into discret particles. The main principle structure peculiarities of process in the second case remain vague. The structure of flows which forms an axial explo-... 

Figures 7a and 7b show the time evolution of the diagonal components Cxx, Cyy, and c z of the conformation tensor for the C24 and C78 melts, respectively. For both systems, the initial value of c x is significantly higher than 1, whereas those of Cyy and Czz are a little less than 1, indicative of the oriented conformations induced by the imposed steady-state elongational structure of flow field a x- As time evolves, c x decreases whereas Cyy and Czz increase continuously, approaching the steady-state, field-free value of 1, indicative of fully equilibrated, isotropic structures in the absence of any deforming or orienting field.

Goettler. L.A. (1973) Ultimate tensile properties and composite structure of flow-molded short fiber composites, 31st ANTEC, Tech. Papers, 559-62. 

There is a considerable need to be able to establish the distribution of material through a cross section of the conveying pipeline. Even in suspension flow, the solids distribution may not be even across a cross section and, for example, roping flows may occur. Although the structure of flow is important in the modelling of pneumatic conveying it is also important information for the reliable operational measurement of mass flow. 

Mackley MR (1987) The rheology and micro structure of flowing thermotropic liquid crystal polymers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 153 249-261... 

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