Structural Characteristics of Polymers

Kuznetsov GK, Irgen LA (1976) In Thermodynamic and structural characteristics of polymer interphases, Naukova Dumka, Kiev, p 94... 

The topological computer model of epoxy-aromatic amine networks showed the following very important structural characteristics of polymers ... 

Simple organic substances and oligomers have often been used to elucidate reaction mechanisms, reactivities of fimctional groups, and structural characteristics of polymers. However, only a limited amount of model studies have been carried out in the field of cationic polymerization. 

Hence, as far as solutions of flexible-chain polymers are concerned, at present the Kerr effect cannot be considered as an effective method for the study of conformational and structural characteristics of polymer molecules. 

It is possible to obtain more reliable quantitative information on the conformational and structural characteristics of polymer chains by studying EB in solutions of polypeptides that do not contain ionogenic groups and using non-electrolytic spiralizing systems as solvents ° ... 

It should be noted, that the considered above correction can be obtained and without fractal analysis application as well, using well-known Flory concept, that follows from the Eq. (1) of Chapter 1. However, obtaining of the anal dical correlation between Flory exponent and structural characteristics of polymers in solid phase is very difficult, if possible at all. At the same time this can be made within the framework of fractal analysis, since both macromolecular coil [25] and solid-phase polymer structure [62] are fractal objects. Hence, the possibility of solid-phase polymers properties quantitative prediction appears in such sequence molecular characteristics (for example, ) structure of macromolecular coil in solution polymer condensed state structure— polymer properties. In Section 2.6, this problem will be considered in detail. These considerations predetermined the choice of fractal analysis in Ref. [59] as a mathematical calculus. 

The simplest and most reliable method of confirmation of the fact, that the macromolecular coil fractal dimension A is unequivocal structural characteristics of polymer melt, is proposed in Ref [48]. It has been shown earlier [50], that the dependences (where is the... 

Polymer liquid crystals generally form unusual textures, accompanied by complex and unstable superstructures. Such textures depend on a sample history, especially mechanical and thermal histories, and also on the surface nature of the vessels. We have described the structural characteristics of polymer liquid crystals under a shear force by means of rheo-optical methods. ... 

Orientation is a structural characteristic of polymers that can be greatly affected by processing operatioAs. Basically, application of a tensile stress will cause the polymer chains to orient. Such stress can be brought about in a variety of ways, such as mechanical means, flows, and temperature changes. 

One very necessary aspect is to maintain careful tracking of the important structural characteristics of polymers. This means that not only must a polymer be thoroughly characterized before processing but also, if possible, during the processing and, most certainly, at the end of the process. Such characterization... 

Although the Eq. (5.3) gives for polymers good correspondence to experiment in the case of both crazes [6] and local shear zones [9], but it does not connect the parameter q with any structural characteristics of polymers. 

Microgels are internally crosslinked polymer microparticles and, in a narrow sense, they are defined as ultrafine particles with < lOOnm in diameter. In microgels, the structural characteristics of polymer gels, such as 3D crosslinked structure, etc., are maintained. Nonetheless, they dissolve or colloidally disperse. These properties are the same as those molecular properties seen in branched polymers. They are sometimes called intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules (see Fig. 1) [1]. 

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