Stress tolerance salinity

Flowers, T.J. Yeo, A.R. (1989). Effects of salinity on plant growth and crop yields. In Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms Associated with Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, ed. J. Cherry. Berlin Springer-Verlag, (in press). 

Three distinct types of plant adaptations to salinity were determined osmotic stress tolerance, Na or CT exclusion, and the tolerance of the tissue to accumulated Na or CT (Figure 5) [83]. 

Wang W., Vinocur B., Altman A. Plant responses to drought, salinity and extreme temperatures towards genetic engineering for stress tolerance. Planta 2003 218(1) 1-... 

Early attempts to evaluate the genetic basis of stress tolerance in plants were restricted to simple genetic models. However, with the development of molecular markers, evaluating the inheritance of salinity tolerance became a more tractable problem since specific QTLs could be identified. Through the development of molecular markers, it has become possible not only to determine the genetic basis of the trait, but also to map specific chromosomal segments or QTL and to determine the relative contribution of each QTL to... 

Singh PK, Gautam S (2013) Role of salicylic add on physiological and biochemical mechanism of salinity stress tolerance in plants. Acta Physiol Plant 35 45-2353 Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E, Rorat T, Legocka J (2007) Polyamine metabolism and 5-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene expression during the cytokinin-stimulated greening process. Acta Physiol Plant 29 495-502... 

Plant cells selected for tolerance to stress show varied responses to the imposed osmotic gradients. In adapted cells, tolerance to salinity or to water stress was not found to increase proportionately with increases in turgor (Handa et al., 1983 Binzel et al., 1985). It was suggested from these observations and from studies by Heyser Nabors (1981) that no relationship existed between turgor and growth and that stress adaptation may alter the relationship between turgor and cell expansion (see also Chapter 6). 

Gregorio GB, Senadhira D, Mendoza RD, Manigbas NL, Roxas JP, Guerta CQ. 2002. Progress in breeding for salinity tolerance and associated abiotic stresses in rice. Field Crops Research 76 91-101. 

Oertli (25) reported increased tolerance of sunflower plants to oxidant air pollutants (smog) with increasing salinity and soil moisture stress. However, Heck et al. (, 10) suggested that Oertli was dealing with a nutrient as well as osmotic effect. 

Both salinity and sodicity impair plant growth and reduce agricultural yields. In severe cases, they can cause complete crop failure (Qadir et al. 2000). Plants on saline areas suffer from lack of water, because salts bind water in the soil and thus make it inaccessible to plants and microorganisms. Beside this osmotic stress situation, an excess of specific ions, such as sodium, is toxic to plants or results in an ion imbalance, which complicates the uptake of specific nutrients (Marschner 1995). Some crops have developed tolerance to salty conditions and can thus be used to a certain extent on soils affected by salinity. 

Africa. Asian cultivated rice evolved into three eco-geographical types, Indica, Japonica, and Javanica. It is estimated that about 120,000 distinct rice varieties exist in the world, which differ from one another in terms of growth duration, endosperm traits, level of tolerance to coldness, or other abiotic stresses (e.g., drought, salinity, and submergence), as well as resistance to diseases and pests. In some countries, varieties are classified also according to the season in which they grow [1]. 

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