Stress sensor

Lin Q, Jiang F, Wang X-Q, Han Z, Tai Y-C, Lew J, Ho C-M (2000) MEMS Thermal Shear-Stress Sensors Experiments, Theory and Modehng, Technical Digest, Solid State Sensors and Actuators Workshop, Hilton Head, SC, 4—8 June 2000, pp 304-307 Lin TY, Yang CY (2007) An experimental investigation of forced convection heat transfer performance in micro-tubes by the method of hquid crystal thermography. Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 50 4736-4742... 

MITOCHONDRIA STRESS SENSOR AND HOME OF APOPTOGENIC PROTEINS... 

Kobayashi A, Kang MI, Okawa H, Ohtsuji M, Zenke Y, Chiba T, Igarashi K, Yamamoto M. 2004. Oxidative stress sensor Keapl functions as an adaptor for Cul3-based E3 ligase to regulate proteasomal degradation of Nrf2. Mol Cell Biol 24 7130-7139. 

Lee OH, Jain AK, Papusha V, Jaiswal AK. 2007. An auto-regulatory loop between stress sensors INrf2 and Nrf2 controls their cellular abundance. J Biol Chem 282 36412-36420. 

G. W. Hart Dynamic cycling of O-GlcNAc on nucleocytoplasmic proteins a nutrient/stress sensor globally regulating cellular mechanism... 

After activation of the ER stress sensors, IREl, PERK and ATF6, distinct signaling pathways are induced to regulate ER chaperones expression, degradation of protein through the ER associated protein degradation (ERAD) and expansion of the ER. If these events fail to restore ER homeostasis, Ca2-l- is released to activate apoptotic signaling pathways. 

Young JC, Hartl FU. A stress sensor for the bacterial periplasm. Cell 2003 113 1-2. 

Summary. Scanned probe methods for imaging electrochemical deposition on surfaces are now well established. For such methods the smface structure at the atomic scale can be measured so that surface strains may be inferred. Here we demonstrate how extremely sensitive and fast stress sensors can be constructed from atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers for studies of interfacial processes such as adsorption and reconstruction. The surface stress sensor has submonolayer sensitivity for use in electrochemistry, whereby simultaneous cyclic voltammograms and stress changes can be recorded. This is demonstrated with measurements of the electrocapillary curve of gold, and stress changes associated with the underpotential deposition of silver on gold (111). 

Semiconductor fabrication processes permit construction of small, sensitive, stress sensors. In fact the levers used in atomic force microscopes are almost ideal for this purpose. The combination of the mechanical properties of silicon nitride and the geometry of the cantilever mean that the lever has a high resonant firequency and a low spring constant [32]. The low spring constant is beneficial for sensor applications because it means that a small applied force can be transduced to a measurable deflection, which lies at the heart of any sensor [33]. When combined with the highly sensitive optical lever AFM detection system, both of these factors mean that this arrangement is a fast and highly sensitive stress sensor. 

In the following sections we describe the use and implementation of a plasmonic nanoparticle-based oxidative stress sensor in physiological conditions coupled to a sensitive optical detection modality suitable for in vitro and in vivo study use. 

Capacitive membranes sensor typically is based upon the deformation of the membrane due to the interaction between bio-probe molecules at the functionalized surface and the corresponding bio-targets. The working mechanism is similar as how cantilever surface stress sensors operate. Surface stress-based sensor is comprised of stretchable membrane over which surfaces is functionalized by bio-probes. The interaction with the corresponding bio-targets results in surface stress and finally makes the membrane deform. Figure 3 shows the schematic structure... 

Many of the well-established macroflow sensing methods such as the use of shear stress sensors, thermal anemometers, magnetohydrodynamic sensors, particle imaging, and fluorescent... 

Mechanical nanosensors possess comparative advantages over optical nanosensors and electromagnetic nanosensors for the measurement of nanoscale mechanical properties [2]. Examples of mechanical nanosensors include CNT-based fluidic shear-stress sensors [3] and the nanomechanical cantilever sensors [4]. 

Chow WWY, Qu YL, Li WJ (2011) Chapter 2 Carhon-nanotube-based fluidic shear-stress sensors. In Lim TC (ed) Nanosensors theory and apphcations... 

MEMS shear stress sensor supported by an underneath cavity to reduce the heat loss to the substrate as shown by the presence of a Newton s ring... 

Micro- and Nanoscale Anemometry Implication for Biomedical Applications, Fig. 6 (a) MEMS shear stress sensor with vacuum cavity underneath, (b) Backside wire bonding for reducing the disturbance to the flow... 

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