Strength corrections

In the perfectly elastic, perfectly plastic models, the high pressure compressibility can be approximated from static high pressure experiments or from high-order elastic constant measurements. Based on an estimate of strength, the stress-volume relation under uniaxial strain conditions appropriate for shock compression can be constructed. Inversely, and more typically, strength corrections can be applied to shock data to remove the shear strength component. The stress-volume relation is composed of the isotropic (hydrostatic) stress to which a component of shear stress appropriate to the... 

Fig. 8 Tensile curves of cellulose II fibres measured at an RH of 65% (1) Fibre B, (2) Cor-denka EHM yarn, (3) Cordenka 700 tyre yarn, (4) Cordenka 660 tyre yarn and (5) Enka viscose textile yarn [26]. The solid circles represent the strength corrected for the reduced cross section at fracture. The dotted curve is the hyperbola fitted to the end points of the tensile curves 1,3 and 5. The dashed curve is the fracture envelope calculated with Eqs. 9,23 and 24 using a critical shear stress rb=0.22 GPa... 

Figure 1. Phase volume corrected rate constant (ko ) phase volume ((f)) for the N-dodecylnicotinamide-cyanide reaction in (a) Brlj yE and (b) CTAB yE, Curves (c) and (d) are the ionic strength corrected Brij rate constants for Stern layer thicknesses of 4A and 2A, respectively (vide text).

Determined using values of p, obtained from the ionic strength corrected Brlj K , values, where I was estimated assuming a thickness s = 2A or 4A. 

Figure 1. Rotational—vibrational line strength correction factors for pure rotational Raman scattering (fM)0 and for O-, S-, and Q-branch vibrational Raman scattering (foh fots, and folQ). The value J is the rotational quantum number of the initial level (O), Stokes (A), anti-Stokes.

Figure 3. Calculated band profiles of Stokes vibrational Raman scattering from Nt at 2000 K assuming a triangular slit function with FWHM = 5.0 cm 1. The bottom curve includes the isotropic part of the Q-branch only. The top curve is a more exact calculation including O- and S-branch scattering, the anisotropic part of the Q-branch and line-strength corrections owing to centrifugal distortion. The base lines have been shifted vertically for clarity.

Runde et al. (2002a) compiled an internally consistent database to calculate solubility and speciation of plutonium in more complex low-ionic-strength waters. A specific interaction model (Grenthe et al., 1992) was used for ionic strength corrections. The reader is referred to that work for... 

The estimation of the systematic errors sj (which, of course, have to relate to X and be expressed in the same unit) can only be made by a person who is familiar with the experimental method. The uncertainty a has to correspond to the 95% confidence level preferred in this review. It should be noted that for all the corrections and recalculations made (e.g., temperature or ionic strength corrections) the rules of the propagation of errors have to be followed, as outlined in Section C.6.2. 

Chemical equilibrium conditions are assumed for all reactions. The chemical model consists of eight components UOj"1", VO4-, CO2-, K+, Ca2+, H+, and HFO as the sorbent. Four minerals, carnotite (K2(U02)2(V04)2), tyuyamunite (Ca(U02)2(V04)2), calcite (CaC03), and gypsum (CaS04 2H2O), are allowed to participate in precipitation-dissolution reactions. The detailed chemical model (reactions and parameters) is presented in Morrison et al. (1995a). No ionic strength correction was made for activity coefficients. 

To allow comparison of stability constants and ionic strength correction for the present evaluation, the data were transformed to SIT format by a fitting procedure. 

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