Streams system results

Butanes are recovered from raw natural gas and from petroleum refinery streams that result from catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, and other refinery operations. The most common separation techniques are based on a vapor—Hquid, two-phase system by which Hquid butane is recovered from the feed gas. 

In continuous systems, the feed stream is not always at the same temperature as the reactor outlet. This temperature difference between the reactor feed (T0) and exit streams (Tf) results in a convective heat exchange with the surroundings. The heat flow is proportional to the heat capacity and the volume flow rate (i>) ... 

M 20] [P 19] An investigation of the flow patterns in the mixer outlet was made by dilution-type dye imaging [30], On contacting the two streams only in the mixer devices without any membrane actuation (static or passive case), a bi-layered system results with no obvious degree of mixing, as is to be expected. 

Flue gas treatment systems can be classified as either wet or dry based on the moisture content of the treated flue gas and the spent sorbent. Wet systems completely saturate the flue gas with water vapor. These systems contact the flue gas with a liquid or slurry stream. Dry systems contact the flue gas with a dry or wet sorbent but never include enough water for complete saturation of the flue gas. Dry systems result in a dry product or spent sorbent material, while wet systems result in either a slurry or a sludge containing appreciable amounts of water. 

Catalyst lives were compared with reactor metal distribution, obtained from micro, pilot and commercial units. It was found that a micro reactor with low liquid mass velocity caused metal pass-through to down stream catalysts, resulting in a shorter life of catalyst system than that in the commercial operation. Therefore in this paper, effects of liquid mass velocity and feedstock properties on catalyst aging performance of the catalyst system are discussed. 

It is clearly seen that the copper species of Cu5 and CulO before NO test is only metallic copper. And the CuO peak intensities increase with increasing the reaction time on stream, which is implied by the fact that the sintering of CuO is taking place. From the results above, the state of metallic copper is changed into copper oxides by oxygen in this system, resulting in high NO conversion. 

As indicated in Table 1, the disiloxanes in the feed stream are reduced in concentration during the distillation process. H. F. Stewart of Dow Coming first discovered the redistribution of SiH and SiOSi bonds at 70 - 120 °C [4]. This reaction in the distillation system results in the conversion of SiH-containing siloxanes to usable monomer and higher siloxanes. It has the net effect of reducing the overall SiH content in the DPR and the recovery of valuable trichlotosilane monomer. 

Similarly to the reciprocity that exists between electroosmosis and streaming potential (See Chapter V,5), there is a reciprocity between the ultrasonic waves and the alternating electric field generated by them. That is, the application of the alternating electric field to disperse systems results in the generation of an ultrasound signal, referred to as the electrosonic amplitude (ESA). The ESA is related to the dynamic electrophoretic mobility via a relationship similar to eq. (V.6), namely... 

Current fuel cell systems use air-bleeding methods to reduce the carbon monoxide poisoning of the Pt anode. Since this method involves the mixing of 2-6% air with the fuel stream, it results in a decrease in the energy efficiency of the fuel cell... 

The first national-scale study of emerging contaminants in the United States found that such compounds were commonly present in stream systems, with 80% of the streams sampled having at least one compound detected [11]. Over 60% of the chemical concentrations exceeding 1 xg/L were from three detergent metabolites (4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol monoethoxylate, and 4-nonylphenol diethoxylate). In addition, transformation products also were frequently detected (e.g., cotinine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, erythromycin H2O). This study indicated the enormous potential for parent compoimds to degrade during environmental transport and for the transformation products to contribute much of the relative loading of these contaminants. The results confirm the need to include both parent compoimds and transformation products in occurrence studies. 

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