Stoney, Johnstone

Twas Johnstone Stoney invented my new electric name,... 

The word "electron" was first suggested in 1891 by Dr G. Johnstone Stoney as a name for the "natural unit of electricity," namely, that quantity of electricity which must pass though a solution in order to liberate at one of the electrodes one atom of hydrogen or one atom of any univalent substance. 

The vast array of numbers, thousands of numbers, representing the wavelengths of these spectral lines required an explanation. Was there an underlying pattern If so, what was happening inside the atom to cause the observed pattern of spectral lines George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) proposed in a 1868 paper that spectral lines were caused by some kind of periodic motion inside the atom. Arthur Schuster (1851-1934) refuted Stoney s idea in 1881, but concluded, Most probably some law hitherto undiscovered exists. ... 

After thinking about the phenomena of electrolysis (which we shall discuss in Chap. 10), an English scientist. Dr. G. Johnstone Stoney, stated, as early as 1874, that these phenomena indicate that electricity exists in discrete units, and that the units are associated with material atoms. In 1891 he emphasized this point and suggested the name electron for the postulated unit of electricity. At that time experiments were being carried on by physicists on the conduction of electricity through gases (as in a neon lamp) these experiments after some years (in 1897) led Sir J. J. Thomson (1856-1940), then Director of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, to the firm conclusion that the electron exists and to the determination of some of its properties. 

Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who developed the theory of electricity and magnetism in the late 1800s, proposed that Faraday s laws required that one molecule of positive and negative electricity is involved in electrolysis. Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney believed in this molecule of electricity and set out to measure the definite quantity of electricity, called el. He suggested that if this unit of electricity was adopted, it would represent a very important step in our study of molecular phenomena. In 1891 Stoney referred to these charges as electrons. The controversy of the day then revolved around whether these electrons were waves or particles. 

In 1891, G. Johnstone Stoney pointed out that Faraday s laws of electricity implied a particulate character of electricity. He proposed the name electron for the smallest electrical charge. The study of cathode rays by Crookes and others, and J. J. Thomson s quantitative measurements of the electron s properties led the latter to surmise that the electron was a constituent of all atoms. Rutherford in 1911 discovered evidence for the atom s nucleus. The arrangement of electrons within the atom on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence has been explored extensively during the... 

Ever since the time of Faraday s laws of electrolysis (see page 90), it had seemed that electricity might be carried by particles. In 1891, the Irish physicist George Johnstone Stoney (1826-1911) had even suggested a name for the fundamental unit of electricity, whether particle or not. He suggested the name electron. 

Stoney George Johnstone 6 Straub John 156 Struzhkin Victor 827 Stwalley William C. 510 Suhai Sandor 486 Sun Cheng E. 764 Svensson Mats 309 Swirles Bertha 502 Sylvester James Joseph 333 Syrian Yakov Kivovich 524 Szabo Attila 426,565 Szalewicz Krzysztof 134, 135, 269, 270, 510,511, 717, 725,729,730 Szymahski Slawomir 52... 

Johnston Stoney first proposed the existence and name for the electron in 1891, although he did not beheve that it existed as a firee particle. Several researchers discovered the physical electron, including Emil Wiechert in Koningsberg, who was... 

The word electron was coined by G. Johnstone Stoney in 1891. It was used to describe a unit of electrical charge measured in his experiments where an electrical current was sent through various chemical solutions to test its effect. 

The electrochemical discovery that charged atoms or groups of atoms in solution have a distinct electric charge (or some integral multiple of it) led to the idea that electricity itself is atomic (and not a fluid, as many believed), and in 1891, Irish physicist Geoi e Johnstone Stoney gave this electrical unit the name, electron. ... 

The idea that there are electric particles in substances was proposed, as a hypothesis, by G. Johnstone Stoney, an English scientist. Stoney knew that substances can be decomposed by an electric current —for example, water can be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen in this way. He also knew that Michael Faraday had found that a definite amount of electricity is needed to liberate a certain amount of an element from one of its compounds. (The experiment carried out by Faraday will be discussed in Chapter 11.) In 1874, after thinking about these facts, Stoney stated that they indicate that electricity e.xists in discrete units, and that these units are associated with atoms. In 1891 he suggested the name electron for his postulated unit of electricity. The discovery of the electron by experiment was made in 1897 by Sir Joseph John Thomson (1856-1940), in Cambridge University, England. ... 

The existence of the electron was first proposed in 1874 by George Johnstone Stoney (National University of Ireland), who attempted to explain electrochemistry by suggesting the existence of a particle bearing a unit of charge. Stoney coined the term electron to describe this particle. In 1897, J. J. Thomson (Cambridge University) demonstrated evidence supporting the existence of Stoney s mysterious electron and is credited with discovering the electron. In 1916,... 

From these results, George Johnstone Stoney in 1874 concluded that electricity, like matter, consists of particles. He called the charge of a single particle of electricity the electron and estimated 10 coulomb (C) for the electronic charge, later corrected to 1.6 X 10" G. Electricity is thus a stream of electrons, each electron carrying 1.6 X 10" C of electricity. 

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