Stockholm scale

The grading of the severity of WF symptoms in workers using hand-held vibrating tools was originally made according to the so-called Taylor-Pelmear scale (Taylor et al. 1975). The current internationally used Stockholm scale resulted from a revision which accounts for observations of prevalence in relation to various exposure factors (Gemne et al. 1987) (Table 1). 

Table 1. The Stockholm scale for the classification of cold-induced Raynaud s phenomenon in the hand-arm vibration syndrome (from Gemne et al. 1987). The staging is done separately for each hand. In the evaluation of the subject, the grade of the disorder is indicated by the stages of both hands and the number of affected fingers on each hand examples 2L(2)Z 1R(1) , -/3R(4) . The first notation means that two fingers on the left hand show Raynaud s phenomenon in stage 2, and the injury involves one finger on the right hand with severity mild , i.e., stage 1...

Table 3.2.2 Stockholm scale for the classification of the hand-arm vibration syndrome...

Z. Ropiolek, S. Mierzwinski, M. Hurnik, j. Wojciechowski. Air flow characteristic in scale models of room ventilation. In Roomvent 9H Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Air Distribution in Rooms, vol. 1, pp. 287-293.. Stockholm, Sweden, 1998. 

Tompkins A (2002) A prognostic parameterization for the subgrid-scale variability of water vapor and clouds in large-scale models and its use to diagnose cloud cover. J Atmos Sci 59 1917-1942 Turusov V, Rakitsky V, Tomatis L (2002) Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) ubiquity, persistence, and risks. Environmental Health Perspectives 101 125-128 UNEP (2001) Stockholm convention on persistent organic pollutants. http //chmpopsint/... 

NUTEK and Naturvardsverket, Emissions from Small Scale Firing of Fuelwood, NUTEK teknik, R 1993 63, Stockholm, Sweden, (1993)... 

Fig. 14. View of the CRYRING ion storage ring at the Manne Siegbahn Laboratory at Stockholm University [196]. The scale of the instrument can be judged by the cubic-metre blocks depicted near the drawing s centre...

During regional scale ozone episodes, elevated concentrations become widespread across Europe [20]. Transboundary transport is an important feature of the problem. The concentrations exceed air quality guidelines set to protect human health [22] and critical levels set to protect crops and trees firom ozone damage. To illustrate the approach, the target ecosystem is taken to be human health so that the sensitive ecosystems can be located in the major urban centres of London, Paris, Brussels, Bonn, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm and Oslo. For these ecosystems, the maximum hourly mean in a worst-case episode is the most appropriate index of harm. 

Within this chapter, measurements at a radiant tube with recuperative and regenerative burner technologies will be shown as an example of how measurements should be carried out. The measurements have been accomplished at the lab-scale furnace of KTH, Stockholm [6-8], which has been shown (Figure 24.7). A W-shape radiant tube, shown in Figure 24.9, was used in the experiments. The outer diameter of the tube was... 

T. Lindeberg, Scale-Space A Basis for Early Vision, Technical Report CVAP 120, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 1989. 

Observed at the Drift Scale Heater Test at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Proceedings (to be published), GeoProc2003, Stockholm, Sweden, October 2003. 

Sonnenthal, E. L., N. F. Spycher, M. E. Conrad, and J. A. Apps, 2003. A Conceptual and Numerical Model for Thermal-hydrologic-chemical Processes in the Yucca Mountain Drift Scale Test. Proceedings (to be published). GeoProc2003, Stockholm, Sweden, October 2003. 

Millard, A. Rutqvist, I. 2003. A comparative analysis of predicted and measured displacements during the heating phase of the yucca mountain drift scale test. Geoproc Conf., Stockholm, Sweden. 

Dana R., Barr, D, Boyle, W., Jing, L. 2003. Measuring the thermal, hydrologic, mechanical and chemical responses of the Yucca Mountain Drift Scale Test. Geoproc Conf, Stockholm, Sweden... 

FIGURE 7 Numbers of cold days (<10th percentile) and warm days (>90th percentile) for four European locations with long daily records (Stockholm, central England, Milan, and Cadiz). The smooth curves highlight variations on decade time scales. 

Gemne G, Taylor W (eds) (1983) Hand-arm vibration and the central autonomic nervous system. Proc Int Symp London. J Low Freq Noise i[special issue] ii Gemne G, Pyykko I, Taylor W, Pelmear P (1987) The Stockholm Workshop scale for the classification of cold-induced Raynaud s phenomenon in the hand-arm vibration syndrome (revision of the Taylor-Pelmear scale). Scand J Work Environ Health 13 275-278... 

Palmer KT, Coggon DN (1997) Deficiencies of the Stockholm vascular grading scale for hand-arm vibration. Scand J Work Environ Health 23 435-439... 

Classification of the degree of severity of HA VS can be made from the history according to the scale (Table 2) of Taylor and Pelmear (1975). However, this does not allow for seasonal change and underestimates the neurological involvement, and has been replaced by the Stockholm Workshop scale (Gemne et al. 1987) (Tables 3, 4). 

Table 3. The Stockholm workshop scale for the classihcation of cold-induced Raynaud s phenomenon in the hand-arm vibration syndrome the staging is made separately for each hand. In the evaluation of the subject, the grade of the disorder is indicated by the stages of both hands and the number of affected fingers on each hand...

The electromotive series is a list of the elements in accordance with their electrode potentials. The measurement of what is commonly known as the "single electrode potential", the "half-reaction potential" or the "half-cell electromotive force" by means of a potentiometer requires a second electrode, a reference electrode, to complete the circuit. If the potential of the reference electrode is taken as zero, the measured E.M.P. will be equal to the potential of the unknown electrode on this scale. W. Ostwald prepared the first table of electrode potentials in 1887 with the dropping mercury electrode as a reference electrode. W. Nernst selected in 1889 the Normal Hydrogen Electrode as a reference electrode. G.N. Lewis and M. Randall published in 1923 their table of single electrode potentials with the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) as the reference electrode. The Commission of Electrochemistry of the I.U.P.A.C. meeting at Stockholm in 1953 defined the "electrode potential" of a half-cell with the SHE as the reference electrode. 

Craig JD, Purvis CR. A small scale biomass fueled gas turbine engine. Paper presented at the ASME, International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition, Stockholm, Sweden, June 1998. 

Figure 11.1 (a) Transmission electron micrograph of chlorosulphonated polyethylene, (b) Small-angle X-ray scattering pattern of the same polyethylene sample. Intensity is plotted on an arbitrary units scale. Unpublished data of M. Hedenqvist, Dept of Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. 

Banwart, S. (ed.) 1995. The Aspo Redox Investigations in Block Scale. Project Summary and Implications for Repository Performance Assessment. Technical Report 95-26. The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm. 

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