Stimulants Amphetamines Cocaine

Stimulants amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy Psychedelics LSD, mescaline, magic mushrooms ... 

DA-augmenting agents (CNS stimulants amphetamines, cocaine, sympathomimetics DA agonists, releasers, and reuptake inhibitors)... 

Stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, phencyclidine) Agitation, anxiety, seizures. Hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmias. Mydriasis, vertical and horizontal nystagmus with PCP. Skin wana and sweaty, hyperthermia, increased muscle tone, possible rhabdomyolysis Control seizures, hypertension, and hyperthermia... 

Classes of substances currently banned by the IOC include stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, pseudoephedrine), narcotics (heroin, methadone), anabolic agents (testosterone, nandrolone), diuretics (acetazolamide, spironolactone), and peptide hormones and their mimetics and analogs (erythropoietin, human growth hormone). Alcohol and marijuana at specified levels are also prohibited. For the latter, a level of as little as 15 ng/mL of 11-nor-A°-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid is a violation of the rules. A complete... 

The various stimulants have no obvious chemical relationships and do not share primary neurochemical effects, despite their similar behavioral effects. Cocaines chemical strucmre does not resemble that of caffeine, nicotine, or amphetamine. Cocaine binds to the dopamine reuptake transporter in the central nervous system, effectively inhibiting dopamine reuptake. It has similar effects on the transporters that mediate norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake. As discussed later in this chapter in the section on neurochemical actions mediating stimulant reward, dopamine is very important in the reward system of the brain the increase of dopamine associated with use of cocaine probably accounts for the high dependence potential of the drug. 

Isolated seizures that are not epilepsy can be caused by stroke, central nervous system trauma, central nervous system infections, metabolic disturbances (e.g., hyponatremia and hypoglycemia), and hypoxia. If these underlying causes of seizures are not corrected, they may lead to the development of recurrent seizures I or epilepsy. Medications can also cause seizures. Some drugs that are commonly associated with seizures include tramadol, bupropion, theophylline, some antidepressants, some antipsy-chotics, amphetamines, cocaine, imipenem, lithium, excessive doses of penicillins or cephalosporins, and sympathomimetics or stimulants. 

Stimulant Withdrawal (Cocaine Withdrawal and Amphetamine Withdrawal)... 

CNS stimulants Increase alertness, intensify moods Amphetamine, cocaine, caffeine... 

This drug class includes cocaine and amphetamine derivatives 916 Transporters for dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT) and norepinephrine (NET) are the initial targets for psychomotor stimulants 916 Cocaine and amphetamines produce neuronal adaptations by repeatedly elevating monoamine levels 917... 

Stimulants—such as amphetamine, cocaine, mesocarb, and strychnine. 

Toxic psychosis Several monoamine stimulants including cocaine are known to produce a temporary or even a lasting psychotic state after heavy use. Reviews of numerous clinical case reports have shown amphetamine to produce a chronic psychotic state, sometimes persisting for months after cessation. There appears to be a sensitization effect in this regard, because after recovery, psychotic states may recur with minimal use of amphetamine or alcohol. When compared to schizophrenic patients, people with amphetamine-induced psychosis demonstrate fewer negative symptoms (Boutros and Bowers 1996). 

By enhancing the intensity of our reactions to stimuli, stimulants cause brief periods of heightened awareness, quick thinking, and elevated mood. Four widely recognized stimulants are amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, and nicotine. 

To review the pharmacology of stimulants, including cocaine and amphetamine and their actions on dopaminergic systems. 

Schildkraut, Winokur, Applegate 1970 Schultz 1976 Vetulani Sulser 1975). In addition, amphetamine, cocaine and other stimulants, which are known to increase noradrenalin levels in the brain, are not regarded as effective antidepressants. 

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