Stiffeners manufacturing

Today the most important applications are in surface coatings, including some use as French polish, as adhesives and cements, including valve capping and optical cements, for playing card finishes and for floor polishes. The material also continues to be used for hat stiffening and in the manufacture of sealing wax. 

Type IV reactions are due to chemicals added during manufacture of NRL, which include accelerators, antioxidants, antiozo-nants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, extenders, colorants, retarders, stiffeners, and biocides. Accelerators primarily control the rate, uniformity, and completeness of vulcanization. The most common accelerators include thiurams, carbamates, and mercaptobenzothiazoles. These chemicals are covered in detail in their specific monographs in this volume. 

Uses.—Iridium, both native and alloyed with platinum, is used in the construction of scientific apparatus. The native metal, on account of its hardness, has been employed for pivots, etc. Alloyed with platinum, chiefly for stiffening purposes, it has found application in the manufacture of surgical tools, since it is permanent and non-corrosive. For the same reason the alloy containing 10 per cent, of iridium was used in the construction of the standard metre and kilogram. 

In the manufacture of textile glass mats spinning strands, either cut or uncut, are deposited completely randomly and stiffened with a binder. 

Use Organic synthesis manufacture of dyes, especially of Congo red detection of blood stains stain in microscopy reagent stiffening agent in rubber compounding. 

The VARTM is a hquid resin infusion process and is currentiy considered by the aircraft industry to be the favoured low cost manufacmring process for the future. It is an autoclave-free process that has been identified as reducing the cost of component processing. It is reported that dimensional tolerance and mass measurements are comparable with stitched RFI autoclave panels. A conventional blade stiffened test panel (3 X 2 ft with 4-in-high blades 0.5 in thick) has been manufactured recently at NASA by using the VARTM method, achieving a reasonable quahty. 

Starch occurs as microscopic granules in the roots, seeds and tubes of plants. Corn, potatoes, rice and wheat are important commercial sources. Over 5 billion pounds of starch are manufactured in the U.S. each year. About half of the starch is sold as starch and dextrin and about 1.5 billion pounds are converted into starch syrup. Most of the starch is employed to size and stiffen weaving yarn and to finish cloth. Starches are also used in making plywood, wallboard, posterboard and corrugated board. 

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