Sticking function

When high-school cross-country runners were exposed for 1 h to photochemical oxidants at 0.03-0.3 ppm, their performance decreased with increasing concentration. A statistical test for threshold values (regression using/ hockey stick functions) applied to these data gives a threshold estimate of 0.12 ppm, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.067-0.163 ppm. ... 

Hasselblad, V., G. Lowrimore, W. C. Nelson, J. Creason, and C. J. Nelson. Regression Using Hockey Stick Functions. Durham. N.C. U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare. Public Health Service. Environmental Health Service, National Air Pollution Control Administration (in-house report, 1970). 5 pp. 

The relationship between a covariate and individual model parameters should be exploratively investigated by a graphical presentation which often suggests a mathematical function that might best describe the relationship. The most commonly used functions are linear functions, so called hockey stick functions as well as exponential functions. The linear relationship can be implemented according the following equation ... 

The hockey stick function assumes a linear relationship until a node point is reached afterwards another relationship can be used. In the above equation, the median was chosen as the node point and for all individuals having a larger covariate value than the median value no influence of the covariate was assumed. 

Figure 7 Predicted sticking functions for D2(i> = 0, / = 2) on Cu(l 11) as a function of temperature calculated using detailed balance from the data of Fig. 4 [10].

Figure 8 Relationship between the width of the barrier to adsorption and the resulting desorption distribution (T = 600 K). As the sticking function (a) is broadened the energy release (b) decreases but the distribution retains a pronounced tail to high energy.

The sticking functions predicted by detailed balance on the basis of these desorption distributions are shown in Fig. 21 and predict that S E) increases exponentially with energy before starting to saturate near 2 eV. This provides an experimental estimate of 2 eV for the barrier to adsorption on Ru(0 001), which is consistent with the DFT calculations [103]. This interpretation of the desorption results predicts that dissociation will be highly activated with S < 10-8 at low energy, consistent with the very low S... 

Figure 21 Sticking functions S(E) for N2 (v = 0) and (v = 1) at Ru(001) calculated from detailed balance. The absolute scale for S(E) is not known and S has been arbitrarily normalised to 1 at high energy.

The dependence of 50 on E for molecules in different vibrational and rotational states [19, 20] shown in Fig. 2 are characterised by an S-shape curve, where 50 saturates at high energy and falls exponentially as the energy decreases before flattening out at low energy. The sticking function is represented by a sigmoid curve based on an error function form ... 

V. Hasselblad, J.P. Creason, and W.P.Nelson (1976), Regression using Hockey stick functions, EPA report 600/1-76-024, Research Triangle Park, NjC. 

Initial evaluations of chemicals produced for screening are performed by smelling them from paper blotters. However, more information is necessary given the time and expense required to commercialize a new chemical. No matter how pleasant or desirable a potential odorant appears to be, its performance must be studied and compared with available ingredients in experimental fragrances. A material may fail to Hve up to the promise of its initial odor evaluation for a number of reasons. It is not at all uncommon to have a chemical disappear in a formulation or skew the overall odor in an undesirable way. Some materials are found to be hard to work with in that their odors stick out and caimot be blended weU. Because perfumery is an individuaHstic art, it is important to have more than one perfumer work with a material of interest and to have it tried in several different fragrance types. Aroma chemicals must be stable in use if their desirable odor properties are to reach the consumer. Therefore, testing in functional product appHcations is an important part of the evaluation process. Other properties that can be important for new aroma chemicals are substantivity on skin and cloth, and the abiHty to mask certain malodors. 

In plasticised PVC the main function of a lubricant is to prevent sticking of the compound to processing equipment. This is brought about by selecting a material... 

Basic materials such as lime or magnesium oxide increase the hardening rate of novolak-hexa compositions and are sometimes referred to as accelerators. They also function as neutralising agents for free phenols and other acidic bodies which cause sticking to, and staining of, moulds and compounding equipment. Such basic substances also act as hardeners for resol-based compositions. 

Because most plastic bottles are recycled, it is necessary to separate the label and adhesive from the bottle. The label is contaminated with ink and not recyclable. The adhesive is also not recycled. Ideally the adhesive will stick tenaciously to the film, but release cleanly from the bottle during the recycling operation. Adhesives designed to aid in recycling have been developed for this market. They incorporate conventional surfactants in place of some or all of the oil in PSA compositions [69] or use ingredients such as rosin which when neutralized by base can function as surfactants. A goal of the recycling industry is to eliminate the need to use base in the process. 

This is our principal result for the rate of desorption from an adsorbate that remains in quasi-equihbrium throughout desorption. Noteworthy is the clear separation into a dynamic factor, the sticking coefficient S 6, T), and a thermodynamic factor involving single-particle partition functions and the chemical potential of the adsorbate. The sticking coefficient is a measure of the efficiency of energy transfer in adsorption. Since energy supply from the... 

FIG. 4 Density n z) plotted as a function of distance z from the adsorbing wall and of adsorption strength e/k T for chain length = 16. Vertical dotted lines denote the density of the monomers sticking immediately at the wall for > 2.0 this density changes dramatically [13]. 

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