Steroid hormones activation

In the 1980s, advances in biotechnology had a considerable impact on steroid research. During this period, the mechanism of steroid hormone-activated gene regulation became more clearly defined. These mechanistic studies stiH receive considerable attention in the primary Hterature. 

E) steroid hormones activate genes that are nonspecifically repressed by histones... 

CAS 64-85-7. C21H30O3. An adrenal cortical steroid hormone. Active in causing the retention of salt and water by the kidney. 

A generic depiction of the mechanism for steroid hormone activity at a target cell is shown in Figure 30-4. The first step consists of dissociation of the hormone from the plasma transport protein and entry into the cell by diffusion across the plasma membrane. In the second step the hormone binds with the receptors in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Receptors for glucocorticoid and aldosterone are found in the cytoplasm and receptors for estrogen and progesterone are found in the nucleus. Recall that receptors for... 

Zand, R. S., Jenkins, D. J., and E. P., Diamandis. 2000. Steroid hormone activity of flavonoids and related compounds . Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 62 35—49. 

Steroid and thyroid hormones must enter their target cells to exert their effect which is manifested as a change in the pattern of protein synthesis. Steroid hormone activity (Figure 10.10b) is limited to responsive eukaryotic cells in which cytosolic protein receptor molecules are located. Thyroid hormones bind to nuclear protein receptor molecules. Steroids may enter a non-target cell by diffusion but, in the absence of appropriate receptors, depart from the cell. In target tissues, the hormone is bound to specific receptor molecules to form a steroid-receptor complex which is activated by its... 

Progress in the field received further impetus with the development of synthetic steroids exhibiting activities far greater than that of the natural hormones. The synthesis of 9 a-fluorocortisol (3), described in 1953 by Fried and Sabo (3), opened the way for development of many more highly active antiinflammatory agents, and indeed some of today s most active antiinflammatory agents (ca 1997) bear some resemblance to this 9a-fluorinated steroid. 

Adrenal Cortical Hormones" under "Hormones" in ECT 1st ed., VoL 7, pp. 495—513, by H. B. MacPhUlamy, Ciba Pharmaceutical Products and T. F. Gallagher, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research "Steroids with Cortical Hormone Activity" in ECT 1st SuppL, pp. 849—888, by G. Aimer and A. Wettstein, Ciba Limited, Basle "Adrenal-Cortical Hormones" under "Hormones" in ECT 2nd ed., Vol. 11, pp. 77—93, by W. R. Ebedein, The Children s Hospital of Philadelphia in ECT 3rd ed., Vol 12, pp. 575—602, by V. Petrow, Consultant. 

The area of nonsteroidal antiestrogens along with other classes of nonsteroidal antagonists of sex-steroid hormone action has been reviewed to 1986, and these compounds have been grouped by chemical stmcture as a basis of classification rather than any biochemical or biological test system utilized to assess antagonist activity (46). 

The great variety of structures that have by now been shown to exhibit estrogenic activity leads to the suspicion that the estrogen receptor may be unusually nonspecific compared to receptors for other steroid hormones. 

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