Step-wise strategy

It is a common experience, that the best time to plan an experiment is when the results are known. If this had been known to us when the project started, we would have reached the final solution much faster.  

In experimental research it is beneficial if new experiments can be planned in the light of the experience gained in previous experiments. Often, the questions will be more precise when the knowledge and experience increase. 

Therefore-. Decompose the overall, often complex, problem into a set of smaller subproblems, which can be analyzed through experimental studies. Then plan the next step in the investigation in the view of the results already obtained. 

Example-. Step-wise approach to the study of a new reducing reagent for ketones 

Can the reaction be run in different ways (different solvents, different reaction vessels, different ways to mix the reactants etc.) Will there be many reaction systems where the reaction can be used  

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From the above it is evident how a step-wise strategy can be used ... 

Students encounter a lot of difficulties in understanding the relations between the four important domains of meaning in chemistry the macro, submicro, symbolic and process domain. A step-wise strategy for teaching multiple meanings contributes to reinforce students understanding of the relations between phenomena with the submicro and symbolic representation. 

Discontinuation strategy for patients with epilepsy If a decision is made to discontinue therapy with lamotrigine, a step-wise reduction of dose over at least 2... 

An alternate step-wise cyclization strategy to form 3-carboline 22 is shown in Scheme 7. Acylation of D-tryptophan (21) with piperonyloyl chloride afforded amide 25, which was converted to thioamide 26 with Lawesson s reagent. Thioamide 26 was treated with methyl iodide in refluxing CH2CI2 to give a a-thiomethylimmonium ion, which was trapped by the intramolecular addition of indole. The thiomethyl group was... 

Instead of the step-wise and tedious procedures used for synthesis of perfect dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers are prepared in a one-step synthetic strategy [87],... 

A basic difficulty that we find with the LHASA - SECS - REACT strategies is that the reaction paths are more typical of a discrete step-wise laboratory procedure. The use of named organic chemical transforms leads to a bench scale procedure. Reactions of industrial interest on the other hand are generally carried on in one to three continuous steps, with a minimal use of reagents and purification steps. Solid catalyzed vapor or liquid phase reactions are favored. Intermediates and raw materials are far more limited in variety on the scale of industrial production. 

Despite this initial clinical setback, Ap-directed active vaccination continues to warrant further assessment via careful step-wise refinement and testing of novel immunotherapeu-tic approaches. It is clearly important to evaluate the antibody isotypes that are induced by candidate vaccine constructs, as well as determining the types of CD4 and CDS T cell immunity that are elicited. This information will undoubtedly facilitate the design of safer active vaccination strategies to direct the resultant immune response towards more desired effector functions. 

The objective of a clinical research program is to demonstrate that a drug is safe and effective in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease. Clinical development is ideally a logical, step-wise procedure in which information from small, early studies is used to support and plan later, larger, more definitive studies. It is essential to identify characteristics of the investigational product in the early stages of development and to plan an appropriate development strategy based on this profile. 

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