Step-curves

Fig. 7.34 Gains in weight of 347S31 steel in air at 650°C with various periodic additions of sodium chloride. Stepped curves show quantity of NaCl added, broken curves show gains in weight attributable to oxidation...

Figures 3 and 5 give examples of hydrogen TPD profiles observed on both catalysts reduced at 473K. The more intense patterns concern the desorption of the hydrogen fixed on the solids during the reduction step (curve a) while the weaker peaks (curve b) are related to the hydrogen retained after readsorption at room temperature. Hydrogen adsorption is thus an activated process.

A typical photometric titration of SDBS against hyamine at low salinity is shown in Figure 3. It was noted, however, that the titration curve was "V" shaped and not the anticipated step curve. The turbidimetric titration of SDBS against hyamine afforded a curve, Figure 4, very similar to that for the photometric titration. 

It is for this reason that stepped curves are convenient to represent accurately the evolution of the calorimetric heats of adsorption (gd)cai expressed... 

Fig. 5. In situ Mossbauer spectra of the same electrode as in a) Fig. 4 at -0.3 V, after a potential step (Curve a), and after a potential sweep (Curve b), from -1.1 V. Curve c was obtained at a potential of -1.2 V.

Figure 3. The stair step curve is the detected sample cumulative distribution function (CDF) for the combined detectors. We have weighted the two detectors equally so that the height of an IMB detection is 12/8 the height of a Kamiokande detection (note we have included the count at. 686 seconds rejected by the Kamiokande group as being too close to their threshold). If millions of counts had been seen, the CDF would be smooth and directly proportional to the number luminosity emitted by the supernova.

The heat transfer surface is the area under the stepped curve, which is a = 0.454 m2. A solution that takes into account the substantial variation of the heat transfer coefficients along the condenser gives the result A = 0.385 m2 (Webb and McNaught, in Chisholm, 1980, p. 98). 

The true boiling point and specific gravity variation with the volume percent distilled are found by standard ASTM procedures. In the present case, the smooth TBP curve is replaced by a stepped curve of eleven pseudo components characterized by their 50% boiling points and specific gravities. Their molecular weights are... 

Areas under nmr signals are measured by an electronic integrator, and are usually given on the spectrum chart in the form of a stepped curve heights of steps are proportional to peak areas. Nmr chart paper is cross-hatched, and we can conveniently estimate step heights by simply counting squares. We arrive at a set of numbers that are in the same ratio as the numbers of different kinds of protons. We convert this set of numbers into a set of smallest whole numbers just as we did in calculating empirical formulas (Sec. 2.27). The number of protons... 

Figure 2 Fractionation curves generated in a pressure pro- grammed fractionation of 100 g of urea-fractionated ethyl esters (see PUFA, Table 1). Column temperatures from top to bottom (see Figure 1) were 80, 71, 63, 56, 50, 45, 40 C. Pressures used are represented by the step-curve which is scaled on the right-hand ordinate. The left-hand fractionation curve, designated 16, is the sum of 16 3ui4 and 16 4iul.

PLL is effective to make a stable hydrogenase film. The t-A isotherms of the hydrogenase from T. roseopersicina in the presence of PLL and Ca2 are shown in Fig. 5. A typical two-step curve with the transition point at 20 mN/m was observed with using PLL. Over 25 mN/m of surface pressure, the two plots became steep and identical. The hydrogenase molecules were transferred onto quartz substrates at the upstroke. TRs were 1.3 at the first transfer and the averages for four-layer deposition were in the range of 0.8-1.0 for counter ions. TRs were same for the ITO electrode. 

Fig. 9-7. Nighttime behavior of N03 in the ground-level air near Deuselbach, Western Germany. Shown are mixing ratios of 03(A, ppb), N02 ( , 0.1 ppb), N03 ( +, ppt), and % relative humidity (stepped curve). [Redrawn from data of Platt el al. (1981).]...

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